The History Of Binary

1. The History Of Binary By Lauren Atkins, Lara Campbell. Faye Denham, and Alice Warne

2. Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Binary Numbers were invented by a German man called Gottfried Leibniz. He was born on 1st July 1646 and died on 14th November 1716. Other than being a famous Mathematician, he was also a philosopher and a polymath (a person of great learning in several fields of study).

3. Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Leibniz believed that much of human reasoning could be reduced to calculations of a sort, and that such calculations could resolve many differences of opinion. One of his famous quotes: “For indeed, there is nothing in the intellect which was not in the senses, except the intellect itself.Music is the pleasure the human mind experiences from counting without being aware that it is counting.Nothing exists and nothing happens without a reason why it is so, and not otherwise”.

4. Francis Bacon invented a “bilateral alphabet code” that used “A” and “B” instead of “0” and “1”. Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz was the main person who invented binary numbers but other people helped and found uses for it to. George Boole developed a system to break any statements down into binary numbers. Francis Bacon George Boole

6. Binary numbers In a common hard drive there is a disc with a magnetic coating, this coating can be manipulated to change its magnetic polarity so it represents either a 1 or a 0 at any given location of the disc. Binary numbers are made / put into a computer using a piece of technology called the practical digital circuit design. It is a system that represents signals at discrete levels, using slates which are represented by two voltage levels. In most cases the number of slates is two.

7. How has Binary changed? Binary has changed to be used in everyday items like the computer I'm typing into now. Computers use Binary to detect errors and when something doesn't go with the Binary code its often wrong.

9. Binary in IPods By Laura, Rebecca, Bethany, Lauren, Rebecca, Bethan and Katie!

10. History of the IPod The IPod was invented by many people including: Jon Rubinstein, Jonathan Ive, Tony Faddle, Michael Dhuey but the main overseer is Steve Jobs, the CEO of Apple, and the name was created by Vinnie Chieco. It was created as the other MP3 players where either large and clunky or small and useless. The first IPod was the first generation of IPod classics and it looked like this:

11. How It Works Information is transferred to iPods using a digital audio format such as MP3 binary code signal which is a series of electronic pulses. Data is compressed using Lossy compression which takes away some minor details but is not noticeable to the human ear. The bit level will be very different to the original file but when you hear it, it will be indistinguishable from the original. 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 250 200 Loudness 150 Analogue signal 100 50 0 Electrical digital signals

12. How It Works The electronic pulses are measured in things like tempo, tone and volume e.g. A digital pulse may measure 26 so this would be 11010 in binary. The codec compresses the information from a CD into binary and then back into audio so we can hear it. It consists of two major parts, the encoder and the decoder. The encoder compresses a file when you load it to your IPod. The decoder decompresses a file when you want to play it. 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 250 200 Loudness 150 Analogue signal 100 50 0 Electrical digital signals

14. iPod in relation to binary

15. What is binary? Binary is a system of numbers used for various items like computers and iPods. If it was not for binary what I’m using right now wouldn’t work.

16. How does binary affect my iPod? Binary affects my iPod by using the binary numbers to compress songs so that over 8000 songs can be stored on a device this small (the same with movies). So the song I’m playing is in theory made up from numbers!

17. What happens if it goes wrong? If the binary were to go wrong something like this would happen.

19. Binary By Ellen Greenwell, Gemma Higgins, Hannah Stevens, Alex Miller, Ashlie Smart, Emily McCulloch

20. How Do IPods Use Binary? In iPods you can have 8GB, 16GB, 32GB etc. So that the iPods can fit more songs and apps the iPod software scales it down e.g. “How are you” to “hw r y” by taking away the vowels in the words. It shortens it down to fit more songs or videos etc in he amount of space you have.

21. Binary Code Ipods use binary by using the codec code and uses the information of the songs and turns it back into sound. Digital Music players store music in digital files (binary code). A converter turns digital files into O’s and 1’s and that is how binary fits into your IPod. The compression depends depends on the size of the file. In binary it can recover information that has been damaged. If a cd has only a couple of scratches, it can be recovered. However, if there is lots of damage to the disk, binary cannot pick up the information.

23. Binary How to lie and get away with it!!!

24. 0 000 000 1 001 110 2 010 011 3 011 101 4 100 101 5 101 011 6 110 110 7 111 000

25. To Find Out If You Are Lying Or Not, You Have To Answer These Simple Questions…

26. Pick a number between 1 And 7… Is Your Number… 4, 5, 6, 7? Yes/No 2, 3, 6, 7? Yes/No 1, 3, 5, 7? Yes/No 1, 3, 4, 6? Yes/No 1, 2, 5, 6? Yes/No 2, 3, 4, 5? Yes/No Here is an example . . .

27. I have thought of a number between 1 and 7 . . . Now I will answer the questions . . . 4, 5, 6, 7? no 2, 3, 6, 7? yes 1, 3, 5, 7? yes 1, 3, 4, 6? yes 1, 2, 5, 6? no 2, 3, 4, 5? yes

28. My number was…3!!!!!!!

29. So, How did we figure it out???

30. All the ones you said yes to had a three in it!!!!It’s simple!!!!!

31. Now you can try it out on your friends!

33. By Chloe Baldwin - Davies Rhiannon Nicholson Jasmine Palmer Taran.k. Sahota Megan Sowray & Leigh Winstanley

34. Hamming Distance… The hamming distance was named after Richard Hamming. He was an American mathematician. It is the number which is used to denote the difference between two binary strings (codes) of equal lengths.

35. Steps Step 1. Make sure that the two strings are equal lengths. The hamming distance can only be calculated between two strings of equal length. for example String 1 : 1001 0100 1101 String 2 : 1010 0100 0010 Step 2. Compare the first two bits in each binary string. If they’re the same, record a 0 for that bit. If they are different, record a 1 forthat bit. In this case the first bit of both strings is 1. so record a 0 for that first bit.

36. Steps continued. Step 3. Compare each bit, and record either a 1 or a 0. String 1 : 1001 0100 1101 String 2 : 1010 0100 0010 Record : 0011 0000 1111 Step 4. add all the ones and zeros in the record together to get the hamming distance. Hamming distance= 0+0+1+1+0+0+0+0+1+1+1+1= 6

38. by Maurice Yap, Josh Kilburn, Dan Lowton, Matt Moody, George Cocks and Matt Sayer.

39. Base 2 Row of “1”s. Row of “2”s.

40. Base 3: 2 lines of “1”'s. 2 lines of “3”'s.

41. Base 4: 2 lines of “3”'s.

43. 11100010001110 11100001011010 11110000001111 01010101110000 00111110101010 10101010111101 01010110101010 01101010101010 00101010100100 01010101011110 10100010101010 10101010001011 Negative Binary By Alex Williams, Jack Howson, Andrew Pritchard, Joe Forrest and James McGregor

44. Why we chose negative Binary We chose this topic as we agreed it was interesting and thought that no one else in our group would think of it How is negative binary represented? Negative binary looks the same as positive binary, with the only difference being there value. For instance, 11111000 is 248 in positive binary, but in negative it is -8

45. This difficult BIT OF BINARY IS SIMPLE ONCE YOU GET TO GRIPS WITH IT. Here it is simplified: 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 The 0’s can not be subtracted as they have no value The starting digit (128) The numbers that are subtracted (In there squared form) Negative Binary Explained

46. How you know if it is positive or negative The answer to that is… it doesn't matter. The computer or the machine which is reading the number will see it as for instance 11111000, not as 248 or –8.

48. The End!