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PEMROGRAMAN BERSTRUKTUR : DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

PEMROGRAMAN BERSTRUKTUR : DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM. Oleh Munawar Asikin. Introduction. Database management system (DBMS): group of programs that manipulate database and provide interface between database and users

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PEMROGRAMAN BERSTRUKTUR : DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

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  1. PEMROGRAMAN BERSTRUKTUR:DATABASE MANAGEMENTSYSTEM Oleh MunawarAsikin

  2. Introduction • Database management system (DBMS): group of programs that manipulate database and provide interface between database and users • Database administrator (DBA): a skilled information systems professional who directs all activities related to organization’s database Principles of Information Systems, Seventh Edition

  3. Data Management: The Hierarchy of Data • A bit (a binary digit) represents a circuit that is either on or off • A byte is typically 8 bits • Character: each byte represents a character, the basic building block of information • Field: typically a name, number, or combination of characters that describes an aspect of a business object or activity Principles of Information Systems, Seventh Edition

  4. The Hierarchy of Data (continued) • Record: a collection of related data fields • File: a collection of related records • Database: a collection of integrated and related files • Hierarchy of data: formed by bits, characters, fields, records, files, and databases Principles of Information Systems, Seventh Edition

  5. Figure 5.1: The Hierarchy of Data

  6. Data Entities, Attributes, and Keys • Entity: a generalized class of people, places, or things (objects) for which data is collected, stored, and maintained • Attribute: a characteristic of an entity • Data item: the specific value of an attribute • Key: a field or set of fields in a record that is used to identify the record • Primary key: a field or set of fields that uniquely identifies the record

  7. Figure 5.2: Keys and Attributes

  8. The Traditional Approach Versus the Database Approach • Traditional approach: separate data files are created and stored for each application program • Results in data redundancy: duplication of data in separate files • Data redundancy conflicts with data integrity (the degree to which the data in any one file is accurate) • Database approach: approach whereby a pool of related data is shared by multiple application programs; offers significant advantages over traditional file-based approach

  9. Figure 5.3: The Traditional Approach to Data Management

  10. Figure 5.4: The Database Approach to Data Management

  11. Creating and Modifying the Database • Data definition language (DDL) • A collection of instructions and commands used to define and describe data and data relationships in a specific database • Allows the database’s creator to describe the data and the data relationships that are to be contained in the schema and subschemas • Data dictionary: a detailed description of all the data used in the database

  12. Figure 5.11: Using a Data Definition Language to Define a Schema

  13. Figure 5.12: A Typical Data Dictionary Entry

  14. Storing and Retrieving Data • When an application program request data from DBMS, the application program follows a logical access path • When the DBMS goes to a storage device to retrieve the requested data, it follows a path to the physical location (physical access path) where the data is stored

  15. Manipulating Data and Generating Reports • Data manipulation language (DML): the commands that are used to manipulate the data in a database • Structured Query Language (SQL): adopted by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) as the standard query language for relational databases • Once a database has been set up and loaded with data, it can produce reports, documents, and other outputs

  16. Table 5.6: Examples of SQL Commands

  17. Popular Database Management Systems • Popular DBMSs for end users include Microsoft’s Access and Corel’s Paradox • The complete database management software market includes databases by IBM, Oracle, and Microsoft • Examples of open-source database systems: PostgreSQL and MySQL • Many traditional database programs are now available on open-source operating systems

  18. Selecting a DatabaseManagement System • Important characteristics of databases to consider: • Size of the database • Number of concurrent users • Performance • The ability of the DBMS to be integrated with other systems • Features of the DBMS • Vendor considerations • Cost of the system

  19. TERIMA KASIH • munawar@stis.ac.id

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