RENEWAL Phase 1 and 2: Research Highlights Suneetha Kadiyala RENEWAL 3 Regional Workshop

1. RENEWAL Phase 1 and 2:Research Highlights Suneetha Kadiyala RENEWAL 3 Regional Workshop 12th March 2007

2. Focus of Phase 1 and 2 • Interactions • Impacts • Analyzing responses Several Outputs • Developing tools, maps and their applications • RENEWAL Research Studies: • 8 in R1 • 9 in R2 • Synthesizing the broader literature • Food Policy Review • AIDS, Poverty and Hunger: Challenges and Responses

3. Some Important Research Highlights

4. AIDS and Livelihoods : Zambia • Different methods of inquiry and units of analysis • Jayne, Chapoto, Byron, Hamazakaza, Kadiyala, Gillespie • Quantitative nationally representative panel survey (2001, 2004) • Drinkwater, McEwan, Samuels • Qualitative panel survey of ‘Clusters” • Hamazakaza, Kadiyala, Byron, Ndoyii (draft) • a cross-sectional survey and in-depth inquiry of four communities sampled from Jayne et al sample • RENEWAL-Zambia synthesis (forthcoming in Food & Nutrition Bulletin) • Unit of analysis: Community, Cluster and Household

5. AIDS and Livelihoods : Zambia Findings • Rise in mortality rates from 0-24% = 6% decline in land area cultivated • Recovery from death impacts = 2-5 years • Labor-saving crops = no substitution • Prior mortality = reduction in value per hectare • Impacts = mortality x vulnerability • AIDS has not yet significantly reduced aggregate production but… • Lagged impacts on agriculture (impact on secondary producers) • Community driven responses unable to explain varying degrees of community resilience • Important resource flows are between clusters/ households • Worsening of inequalities within communities • Initial conditions matter

6. AIDS and Orphans and Vulnerable Children (OVCs): South Africa • Adato, Kadiyala, Roopnaraine, Biermayr-Jenzano and Norman • Study of trajectory of experiences of children and their families before orphanhood (vulnerable children) to orphanhood in 3 provinces • in-depth interviews, observations, and survey data (in KZN) • Child care arrangements, discrimination and support systems • Norman, Chopra and Kadiyala • in-depth interviews of HIV positive mothers in 2 provinces • Disclosure • Norman, Kadiyala and Chopra • in-depth interviews of HIV positive mothers in 2 provinces • Planning for children’s future security

7. AIDS and OVC: South Africa Findings • Already established patterns of childcare arrangements are primary safety nets : Resilience of matrilineal system • Children playing a critical role in households • No explicit evidence of orphan discrimination (e.g. schooling), • but instances of discrimination observed • Grants are the most important source of support • Low uptake of Foster Care Grant • Disclosure is a catalyst to access support • Barriers and facilitators of disclosure identified • Systematic and integrated response covering the trajectory essential

8. AIDS and Nutrition: Kenya • Byron, Gillespie and Nangami • Study of local perceptions of role of nutritional support • AMPATH’s HAART and Harvest initiative • Findings • Increased dietary diversity and caloric intake of PLWH • Improved health and emotional well-being • Better adherence, reduced side-effects • Catalyst for extra family and community support (less stigma) • Economic benefit, productivity increases • Challenges • Transitioning from short-term assistance • Links to sustainable livelihood programming • Seasonal vulnerability, eligibility, transparency, communications