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Suddendorf & Collier-Baker (2009) “The evolution of primate visual self-recognition” Proc. R. Soc. B 276: 1671-167

Suddendorf & Collier-Baker (2009) “The evolution of primate visual self-recognition” Proc. R. Soc. B 276: 1671-1677. Gallup (1970): mark test – chimps show self-recognition (MSR) Amsterdam (1972): toddlers show MSR by age 2

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Suddendorf & Collier-Baker (2009) “The evolution of primate visual self-recognition” Proc. R. Soc. B 276: 1671-167

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  1. Suddendorf & Collier-Baker (2009) “The evolution of primate visual self-recognition” Proc. R. Soc. B 276: 1671-1677 Gallup (1970): mark test – chimps show self-recognition (MSR) Amsterdam (1972): toddlers show MSR by age 2 Primate tests: only chimps, orangs, gorillas have passed – monkeys have failed Question: evolution of MSR in the primate line ©2009 by The Royal Society

  2. Mirror Self Recognition • Monkeys fail this test • Gibbons have not been carefully tested • Monkeys and gibbons can use mirrors to find hidden objects • is that all Epstein’s pigeons are doing? • Problem with the mark test: it presupposes that animal motivated to examine a novel mark on its body • Importance of question: • Establishes evolutionary timeline • Important to determine neural or genetic basis

  3. Methods • Test 4 species, 3 genera of gibbons • To establish subject’s motivation to retrieve a mark from its body, conducted 2 control tests: • Offered icing – do they like it? • Icing surreptitiously placed on limb – do they take it? • Mark test – similar-colored paint surreptitiously applied while subjects feeding at the mesh • Control tests to increase gibbons’ opportunity to show self-recognition • Everything videotaped and scored

  4. A white-cheeked crested gibbon (Nomascus leucogenys) reaching behind the mirror video Suddendorf T , Collier-Baker E Proc. R. Soc. B 2009;276:1671-1677 ©2009 by The Royal Society

  5. Results • Relative frequency: • Close looking at mirror • Physical exploration • Reaching or looking behind • Social behavior • Contingency behavior • Self directed behavior • – Only 23 instances in 60 hours, none at mark • Control tests • Icing on mirror itself (they take it) • Drawing attention to E behind the S in the mirror (they failed?) • Marking S’s head or limb with icing or stickers (they handle)

  6. Phylogenetic tree of the living apes Their conclusion: MSR evolved here MSR ©2009 by The Royal Society

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