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Host Integration Basics

Host Integration Basics. Upon completion of this module, you should be able to: Identify storage network topologies and requirements Describe PowerPath features and functions Describe Unisphere Agent and Unisphere Server Utility considerations. Host Integration Basics.

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Host Integration Basics

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  1. Host Integration Basics Upon completion of this module, you should be able to: Identify storage network topologies and requirements Describe PowerPath features and functions Describe Unisphere Agent and Unisphere Server Utility considerations Host Integration Basics

  2. Host Integration Basics Lesson 1: Storage Network Topologies and Requirements This lesson covers the following topics: Identifying Network Technologies Identifying Fibre Channel components, addressing, and Connectivity rules Identifying iSCSI components, addressing, and Connectivity rules Explaining host connectivity requirements Host Integration Basics

  3. Network Technologies Host Integration Basics

  4. Storage Area Network Management • SANs are networks of host and storage devices often connected over Fibre Channel Fabrics • A common method of managing the variety of devices on a SAN is SNMP • Out of Band • The FibreAlliance is defining the SNMP MIB to facilitate SAN management • The Fibre Channel Management Integration (FCMGMT-INT) MIB provides a heterogeneous method of managing multiple devices across a SAN Host Integration Basics

  5. Fibre Channel • Fibre Channel is a serial data transfer interface • Copper Wire Connection • Optical Fiber Connection • High-speed is obtained through: • Mapping networking and I/O protocols to Fibre Channel constructs • Encapsulating them and transporting them within Fibre Channel frames Host Bus Adapters Windows Host Storage Linux Host Fibre Channel Switch Host Integration Basics

  6. Host Bus Adapter (HBA) Host Integration Basics

  7. Fibre Channel Addressing • Fibre Channel Addresses are required to route the frames from source to target • 24 bits (3 bytes) physical addresses are assigned when a Fibre Channel node is connected to the switch (or loop in the case of FC-AL) Target FC Switch Source FC Initiator: HBA FC Responder: SP Ports Host Integration Basics

  8. Viewing SP Fibre Channel Port Properties Host Integration Basics

  9. Switched Fabric Topology • Switched Fabric is a Fibre Channel topology where many devices connect with each other via Fibre Channel switches • This topology allows for the most number of connections with a theoretical 16 million devices per Fabric • Frames are routed between source and destination by the Fabric Fibre Channel Switch Host Integration Basics

  10. Single Initiator Zoning • Always put ONLY one HBA in a zone with Storage ports • Each HBA port can only talk to Storage ports in the same zone • HBAs & Storage Ports may be members of more than one zone • HBA ports are isolated from each other to avoid potential problems associated with the SCSI discovery process Single Emulex HBA zoned to two VNX ports Host Integration Basics

  11. iSCSI Overview IP Network IP Network iSCSI/FC Gateway FC Host Integration Basics

  12. iSCSI Device Options Host Integration Basics

  13. iSCSI Names • An iSCSI address • Uniquely identifies nodes • There are Two variations • iqn. – iSCSI Qualified Name • iqn.1992-04.com.emc:cx.fcntr073900083.a4 • eui. – Extended Unique Identifier • eui.5006016141e0163a Host Integration Basics

  14. iSCSI Front-end Port Properties Host Integration Basics

  15. iSCSI CHAP Security • Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol • CHAP Target sends challenge to CHAP initiator • Initiator responds with a calculated value to the target • Target checks the calculated value, and if it matches, login continues • If mutual CHAP is enabled, initiator will authenticate target using the same process • One-way and Mutual CHAP • Target and Initiator configured the same • Configuration • Unisphere – Array • Host NBAs – Vendor Specific Tools Host Integration Basics

  16. iSCSI Network Requirements • LAN configuration allows Layer 2 (switched) and Layer 3 (routed) networks • Layer 2 networks are recommended over Layer 3 networks • The network should be dedicated solely to the iSCSI configuration • For performance reasons EMC recommends that no traffic apart from iSCSI traffic should be carried over it • If using MDS switches, EMC recommends creating a dedicated VSAN for all iSCSI traffic. • The network must be a well-engineered network with no packet loss or packet duplication. • vLAN tagging protocol is supported Host Integration Basics

  17. iSCSI Basic Connectivity Verification • Ping • Check basic connectivity • Trace Route • Provides information on number of hops required for the packet to reach its destination Host Integration Basics

  18. iSCSI and FC Host Connectivity Rules • All connections from a host to an array must use the same protocol • Connections must be all FC or all iSCSI • NIC and HBA iSCSI connections cannot be mixed in the same server • A server must have all NIC iSCSI connections or all HBA iSCSI connections • Do not connect a single server to both an FC storage system and an iSCSI storage system • Servers with iSCSI HBAs and servers with NICs can connect to the same iSCSI storage system Host Integration Basics

  19. Host Integration Basics Lesson 1: Summary During this lesson the following topics were covered: Identifying Network Technologies Identifying Fibre Channel and iSCSI components and addressing Explaining FC and iSCSI connectivity rules Explaining host connectivity requirements Host Integration Basics

  20. Host Integration Basics Lesson 2: PowerPath and Other Host Utilities This lesson covers the following topics: Describe PowerPath Features and Functions Describe Unisphere Agent and Unisphere Server Utility Considerations Implement Host Utilities Host Integration Basics

  21. PowerPath • Host-Based Software • Provides Path Management • Multiple Storage System Support • Multiple OS Support • Supports Fibre Channel and iSCSI Host Integration Basics

  22. Features and Functionality Host Integration Basics

  23. Array and OS Support Host Integration Basics

  24. Integration with Volume Managers Host Integration Basics

  25. Device States Host Integration Basics

  26. Device Modes Host Integration Basics

  27. Active/Passive Arrays: Failover Mechanism Host • Two types of path failover: • Array-initiated LUN trespass • Typical cause: an SP fails or needs to reboot • PowerPath logs a follow-over • Host-initiated LUN trespass • PowerPath detects a path failure, e.g. due to a cable break, port failure etc. • PowerPath initiates a trespass, and logs the event Active Passive Fabric B Fabric A Trespass SP-A SP-B Host Integration Basics

  28. Front-End Fault Masking Back-End Fault Masking Active/Active Mode (ALUA) • Asymmetric Logical Unit Access (ALUA) • Asymmetric accessibility to logical units through various ports • Request forwarding implementation • Communication method to pass IO’s between SP’s • Software on the controller forwards requests to the other controller • Not an Active-Active Array model! • I/Os are not serviced by both SPs for a given LUN • I/Os are redirected to the SP owning the LUN Host Integration Basics

  29. Symmetrical Active-Active: Overview Active-Active (Symmetrical) • VNX: Active-Active • (ALUA) • CX: Active-Passive LUN LUN Cache Coherency Links LUN LUN • LUN is presented across both SP-paths via internal links • Only one SP is actively processing IO to the backend • Host initiates trespass when path fails • Both SPs serve IOs to and from a given LUN • If path fails, no disruption to LUN • The performance is now improved up to 2X • Classic LUNs only! • Only one SP serves IOs via a given LUN • The remaining SP is acting as standby • SP trespasses LUN when paths fail and host software adjusts to new path Host Integration Basics

  30. Asymmetric LUN Access: VNX SP reports SCSI descriptor: • TARGET_PORT_GROUPS • Active/Optimized • Active/Non-Optimized • I/O resumes to LUN through alternate SP after short delay ALUA masks the failure and trespasses LUN SPA SPB SPA SPB Optimized Path Non-optimized Path Owned by SPA Owned by SPB Host Integration Basics

  31. Symmetric LUN Access: VNX with MCx • Both SPs send and receive • Active/Optimized • Classic LUNs ONLY (OE R5.33) • I/O continues through remaining SP and paths with NO delay SPA SPB SPA SPB Optimized Path Non-optimized Path Owned by SPA Owned by SPA Host Integration Basics

  32. LUN Parallel Access Locking Service • Required for Active-Active access SPA SPB CMI Lock Lock LUN • Write I/O operation acquires a lock on LBA address on both SPs • Lock requests sent over CMI • Lock requests are smaller/quicker than the entire I/O Host Integration Basics

  33. VNX with Symmetric / Active-Active Benefits • Lower risk with increased availability within data centers • Improved Availability • All Paths are Active • No trespass during path failure • No trespass during NDU • No setup on VNX or Host side • Improved Performance • All Paths serving I/O • Up to 2X Improvement LUN • Eliminate application timeouts • Improve application throughput • Multi-path load balancing Host Integration Basics

  34. Requirements for Unisphere Host Agent, Unisphere Server Utility Host Integration Basics

  35. Installing Unisphere Host Agent or Server Utility Host Integration Basics

  36. Unisphere Server Utility: Install Rules for NIC Initiators • Must use Unisphere Server Utility • Microsoft iSCSI initiator, you must install the Microsoft iSCSI Software • Do not install the server utility on a VMware Virtual Machine. • Do not disable the Registration Service option • Reboot the server when the installation Host Integration Basics

  37. Host Integration Basics Lesson 2: Summary During this lesson the following topics were covered: Describe PowerPath Features and Functions Describe Unisphere Agent and Unisphere Server Utility Considerations Implement Host Utilities Host Integration Basics

  38. Summary Key points covered in this module: • Each network technology has key components, addressing, and connectivity requirements that must be followed to enable host connectivity. • PowerPath provides path management essential for multipathing and high availability. Host Integration Basics

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