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Whither global governance?. FAITH & DOUBT HOPE & FEAR. Religion and Science. RELIGION & SCIENCE both respond to mystery * Important questions * lead us to both religion and science Paul Tillich, The Dynamics of Faith , p24 (HarperOne 2001):
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FAITH & DOUBT • HOPE & FEAR
Religion and Science • RELIGION & SCIENCE both respond to mystery • *Important questions* lead us to both religion and science • Paul Tillich, The Dynamics of Faith, p24 (HarperOne 2001): • Doubt “is always present as an element in the structure of faith.” • Religion: • In spite of all doubts, we have faith • Science: • In spite of all evidence, we have doubt • So religion vs. science is *not* about “faith vs. proof” • But faith vs. skepticism • Science offers no end; religion offers faith • Both values are important: • Science good for pushing for more progress • Religion good for addressing all of science’s failures
Applying our IO lessons to your lives • In science, we have the luxury of continuous doubt • In religion, we have the luxury of faith • In policy-making, there are no luxuries • You’ll need evidence, skepticism, and faith!
One Love • “Let’s get together to fight this Armageddon so when the man comes there will be no doom” • Practical lesson: Cooperation results from “Armageddons” • …hopefully to avoid the next one!
1929 vs. 2008http://alltta.wordpress.com/2009/03/05/comparing-the-dow-jones-1929-1930-with-2008-2009/
1918 1929 1944 World War II (1939-45) Treaty of Versailles (1919–20): League of Nations Keynes begins discussions on an “international loan” United Nations (1945) Bretton Woods: IMF/World Bank (1944) Stock Market Crash! Smoot-Hawley (1930) Beggar-thy-neighbor GATT: 1947 15 years from crash to institutional solutions…
1980 1990 2000 2008 2023? Latin American Debt Crisis (1982) 2008 Financial Crisis “Bretton Woods” moment… 2023?... Tequila Crisis (1995) East Asian Financial Crisis (1997-1999) Or beyond? Lay out architecture now, so we’re ready when it comes…
Is regionalism our future?Customs Unions: A real sacrifice of sovereignty Common tariff policy with rest of the world
Baby steps • Asia • Asian Development Bank • ASEAN + 3 • Chiang Mai Initiative • North America • NAFTA
Main IO take-away from the class: Narrow and deep Broad and deep may be more effective than Broad and shallow Broad and deep
Think big about global governance changes • We’re part of an ongoing global conversation • New multi-polar world
Faith… Distributions And what you’re doing to shape yours…
Typical “uniform” or rectangular distribution (histogram) Frequency Poor Low-income Lower-middle Middle Upper-middle High-income Rich
Typical symmetrical distribution (histogram) Frequency Poor Low-income Lower-middle Middle Upper-middle High-income Rich
Implicit throughout the class • Theory • Philosophy (from ancient to modern thinkers) • Logic (game theory) • Empirics • Data (qualitative, quantitative) • History • Statistics
To understand international relations You need a broad liberal arts education
Undergraduate education & the 3 r’s • readin’ • ’ritin’ • ’rithmetic • Broad education…
Skills • Become well-read • Learn to write well • Learn statistics • Learn a foreign language (fluent!)
Breadth of undergraduate education & life opportunities Life opportunities Breadth of undergraduate education
Graduate school is different (not harder) • Fewer hours in class, more hours studying • Greater opportunity costs • Grades not important • Be focused! • Statement of purpose
Writing • First sentence – most important! • Organize your argument into sections • What is the question? • What is your answer (or what is the debate)? • What is your methodology? • What is your evidence? • Why should we care? • Lay this out in the 1st para • Return to each in its own section (paper outline): • Background literature • Your theory/argument • Method • Evidence • The intro/conclusion should answer the “so what” question
Relationships • Letter of recommendation • Network of friends • @ Georgetown • Amazing
Next step: • “What are you going to do when you graduate?” = • “How are you doing?” = • “Hello” • I.e., well intentioned but vacuous question • Don’t let it bring you down! • No one knows @ 22 what life will present them
YOU ARE GEORGETOWN! • Privilege • Thank you