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Acids and Bases! Introduction

Acids and Bases! Introduction. Acids. Chemicals that increase the concentration of H + ions in an aqueous solution HCl  H + + Cl - H 2 SO 4  2H + + SO 4 -2. Properties of Acids. Taste sour React with metals to make H 2 gas Conduct electricity

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Acids and Bases! Introduction

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  1. Acids and Bases!Introduction

  2. Acids Chemicals that increase the concentration of H+ ions in an aqueous solution HCl H+ + Cl- H2SO4 2H+ + SO4-2

  3. Properties of Acids • Taste sour • React with metals to make H2 gas • Conduct electricity • Mix with bases to make water and salts • Turn pH paper red

  4. Bases Chemicals that increase the concentration of OH- ions in an aqueous solution NaOH Na+ + OH- Sometimes you will hear them called “Alkaline”

  5. Properties of Bases • Taste bitter • Conduct electricity • Mix with acids to make water and salts • Turn pH paper blue • Slippery

  6. pHScale pH is a way of measuring the concentration of H+ ions in the solution Remember: A – B (alphabetical) 1 – 14

  7. Strong vs. Weak vs. Concentrated vs. Dilute • Strong = dissociates completely • Weak = dissociates <5% • Concentrated = LOTS of the acid/base, a little bit of water • Dilute = a LITTLE bit of acid/base, a lot of water

  8. Dissociation HCl H+ + Cl- HNO3  H+ + NO3- H2SO4  H+ + HSO4-  2H+ + SO42- DIPROTIC Two hydrogens to come off

  9. Neutralization Reaction Acid+ Base  Salt + H2O HCl + NaOH  NaCl + HOH

  10. In reality… H+ + H2O  H3O+ Hydronium Ion (Can be used interchangeably with H+)

  11. Indicators • Chemicals that you can add to your solution. They will turn color to show you the pH Phenolphthalein turns pink when BASIC

  12. Some Basic pH Calculations pH = -log10[H+][H+] = 10-pH

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