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The Human Body Plan```````````````````

Learn about the basic unit of the human body, the cell, and how organs, tissues, and organ systems work together to achieve common goals. Explore the four types of body tissues and their functions. Discover the role of organ systems in respiratory, digestive, muscular, endocrine, nervous, circulatory, reproductive, immune, integumentary, and skeletal functions. Understand how body cavities protect and support organs.

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The Human Body Plan```````````````````

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  1. The Human Body Plan``````````````````` How to Build and Maintain Your Own

  2. I. Organizational Hierarchy A. cell – basic unit of structure and function

  3. I. Organizational Hierarchy B. tissue – group of similar cells that perform the same basic function.

  4. I. Organizational Hierarchy • C. organ – tissues that work together to carry out a specific function.

  5. I. Organizational Hierarchy D. organ system – group of organs that work together to achieve a common goal.

  6. I. Organizational Hierarchy E. organism – sum of all organ systems

  7. II. Body Tissues Four Types: • Muscle • Nervous • Epithelial • Connective

  8. II. Body Tissues A. Muscle 1. responsible for movement 2. cells contract 3. 3 types a. cardiac b. skeletal c. smooth

  9. II. Body Tissues B. Nervous 1. receive and transmit messages via electrical impulses 2. specialized cells – neurons

  10. II. Body Tissues C. Epithelial 1. layers of cells covering all internal and external body surfaces 2. form protective barriers

  11. II. Body Tissues D. Connective 1. all other tissues a. bone b. cartilage

  12. II. Body Tissues - Connective c. Tendon – connects muscle to bone d. Ligament – connects bone to bone

  13. II. Body Tissues - Connective d. fat

  14. II. Body Tissues - Connective e. blood f. lymph

  15. II. Body Tissues – Connective 2. embedded in intercellular substance called matrix, can be: a. solid b. semisolid c. liquid

  16. III. Organs • Organs are 2 or more tissues working together on the same task. • Ex. Heart

  17. IV. Organ Systems – REDMENCRIIS 1. Respiratory – gas exchange 2. Excretory – removal of metabolic wastes 3. Digestive – intake and absorption of nutrients 4. Muscular - movement 5. Endocrine – communication via chemical messages (hormones) 6. Nervous – communication via electrical impulses 7. Circulatory – distribution of nutrients and wastes 8. Reproductive – self-explanatory 9. Immune – protection against infection/disease 10. Integumentary – physical barrier, regulation of body temperature 11. Skeletal – support, protection of internal organs

  18. V. Body Cavities • protect organs, allow them to expand & contract with support. 1. Cranial – encases brain 2. Spinal – surrounds spinal cord

  19. IV. Body Cavities 4. Thoracic – contains heart, lungs, esophagus, trachea, bronchii 5. Abdominal a. contains organs of digestive, reproductive, & excretory systems b. separated from thoracic cavity by diaphragm (3), a wall of muscle.

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