Last Lecture: Globalization and Review

1. Last Lecture: Globalization and Review Lecture 24: Thursday, 6 May 2010J A Morrison

2. Final Exam • Submission • Plan to Submit by 10:00 PM on Friday, 14 May • Final Deadline: 10:30 PM on Friday, 14 May  Do not be even a minute late! • Max Length: 1700 words (all inclusive) • Format: • Q1 (400 words): Select 1 of several questions • Q2 (650 words): Everyone answers same question • Q3 (650 words): Select 1 of several questions • Silly Bonus (worth zero points)

3. Lec 24: Globalization & Review • Globalization • Course Review • Discussion Questions • Evaluations

4. Lec 24: Globalization & Review • Globalization • Course Review • Discussion Questions • Evaluations

5. I. GLOBALIZATION • What is Globalization? • Globalization in Context • Implications of Globalization

6. So, what is this phenomenon “globalization”?

7. The literal meaning of globalization is rendering things global. (OED)A more precise formulation would run: “fundamental changes in the spatial and temporal contours of social existence, according to which the significance of space or territory undergoes shifts in the face of a no less dramatic acceleration in the temporal structure of crucial forms of human activity.” (Stanford Encycl. of Philosophy)

8. Globalization, then, is really about the minimization of the (potential) significance of differences across space and the changes in life that follow as a result.

9. Barriers to Globalization • Natural Barriers • Transportation and Communication Costs • Historical Legacies (e.g. trade networks) • Contrived Barriers • Linguistic and Cultural Barriers • Politically-Imposed Restrictions (tariffs, &c.)  These limits may be increased or decreased  The level of these limits determines the potential level of globalization, the extent of differences across space.

10. If the level of globalization may fluctuate, how has the level of globalization changed over time?

11. I. GLOBALIZATION • What is Globalization? • Globalization in Context • Implications of Globalization

12. Globalization encompasses more than just “economic” phenomena…But we typically use “economic” measures to determine the level of globalization.Specifically, we look at the amount of movement of: people, goods & services, and capital.

13. Two Eras of Globalization • Two Eras • 1st Age: Mid-19th Century to 1914 • 2nd Age: 1945 to Present • Similar Causes • Revolutions in transportation & communication • Commitment by states to decrease impediments

14. When was Globalization Greatest?  It depends on the measure! • Trade: Share of Exports in World Output • Peaked in 1913 • This point was not surpassed until 1970 • Capital: Flows relative to National Income • Level of integration still has not reached the levels achieved among developed countries between 1870 and 1913 Grieco & Ikenberry. State Power & World Markets. pp 5, 217.

15. I. GLOBALIZATION • What is Globalization? • Globalization in Context • Implications of Globalization

16. Globalization has implications for social, political, and economic outcomes. (We’re particularly interested in the latter two.)

17. The Social Implications • The Division of Labor in Society (1893) • Globalization affects social organization • Mechanical Solidarity: bonds forced by proximity • E.g. members of same tribes • Organic Solidarity: bonds developed by interdependence • E.g. individuals with similar internal characteristics Émile Durkheim

18. Political Implications • Reorganization of the International System • Non-state actors (MNCs, NGOs, &c) become major players in IP • Changes in distribution of power • Changes in Accountability • States respond to different groups than do MNCs or NGOs

19. Economic Implications • Development: Does globalization make the pie bigger? • Distribution: Who enjoys the gains brought by globalization? • Developed countries? • Developing countries? • MNCs? • Consumers?

20. Lec 24: Globalization & Review • Globalization • Course Review • Discussion Questions • Evaluations

21. So, we’ve covered a lot of ground this term. The following are what I consider to be the three most significant “takeaway” points from the course.

22. (1) The stakes of international politics are unusually high.

23. We study some of the most pressing issues of our time—from terrorism to climate change.And the decisions made can have incredible effects…

24. They can advance the cause of liberty…lift continents out of poverty…and ensure the persistence of our species.

25. Or…

26. They can abet slavery…inflict inconceivable suffering…and annihilate our species.

27. I think that studying international politics will make a difference……regardless of whether you become a policymaker or just an informed citizen.

28. (2) The facets of international politics—economy, security, and organization—are inextricably linked. You cannot study any one in isolation from the others.

29. (3) In IP, we rely heavily on theories to help us navigate these waters. We have a lot of theories of IP; and there is more than one way in which we can organize them.

30. Lec 24: Globalization & Review • Globalization • Course Review • Discussion Questions • Evaluations

31. Discussion Questions • Asymmetric Violence • When is asymmetric violence justified? • Can we fight a war on terror? • Who is our enemy? • How does Mumbai fit into things? • Globalization • Is globalization good or bad? • How should we regulate it?

32. Evaluations • Fill in circle completely • Use blue or black ink • Please share your thoughts!  Thank you!