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Exchange of Respiratory Gases Control of Acid/Base balance Control of Blood pH Consists of

Introduction. Exchange of Respiratory Gases Control of Acid/Base balance Control of Blood pH Consists of Conductive system Exchange system Circulatory System Interface Cellular respiration External respiration Internal respiration. The Gas Laws. Avogadro’s law and number

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Exchange of Respiratory Gases Control of Acid/Base balance Control of Blood pH Consists of

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  1. Introduction • Exchange of Respiratory Gases • Control of Acid/Base balance • Control of Blood pH • Consists of • Conductive system • Exchange system • Circulatory System Interface • Cellular respiration • External respiration • Internal respiration

  2. The Gas Laws • Avogadro’s law and number • Equal volumes of gas at the same pressure contain the same number of molecules. • 6.02 x 10 23 • Concentration of gas - Gas pressure • Boyle’s law of gas • V ~ P • Pressure varies inversely with volume • Volume varies inversely with pressure • Pressure example with a Har bottle • mm Hg -- cm H2O -- Torr

  3. The Gas Laws • Daltons Law of Partial Pressure

  4. The Gas Laws • Laws of Gas Flow • Laminar flow - Turbulence • Poiseuille's law states that flow rate is inversely related to both the tube length and to the viscosity of the gas • Bernouli’s law relates the loss in pressure to the resistance of a system. Total pressure is divided between flow( forward pressure) and lateral pressure

  5. The Gas Laws • Ficke’s Law of Diffusion • Graham’s Law • Diffusion of gases varies with molecular weight • higher molecular weight the slower the diffusion • Oxygen diffusion = pure gas • Carbon Dioxide diffusion = CO2 and Bicarbonate Ions • Henry’s Law - law of the coke bottle • The amount of gas dissolved in a liquid varies directly with the total quantity of gas and the pressure of the gas.

  6. The Gas Laws • Charles’s Law - effects of temperature on a gas • Pressure varies with Temperature • Heating a can example • Interaction with Boyle’s law • Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressure • Partial Pressure of a gas is proportional to the proportion of that gas in a mixture of gases • Oxygen 21% of 760 Torr = 160 Torr • Nitrogen 79% or 600 Torr

  7. Anatomy of the Upper Tract • Nose • External Nares or Nostrils • Nasal Cavity - boundries • Internal Nares • Conche • Hard Palate • Soft Palate and Uvula

  8. Nasal Epithelium • Paranasal Sinuses • Olfactory Epithelium • Nasal Epithelium - Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar Epithelium • Nasopharynx • Oropharynx - Fauces = narrowing flaps • Laryngopharynx • Tonsils (Palatine & Lingual) and Adenoids or Pharyngeal • Eustachian tubes

  9. Larynx -adam’s apple • Epiglotttis • Glottis • Thyroid cartilage • Cricoid cartilage • Vocal cords

  10. Alveolar walls • Capillary walls

  11. Lung structure • Type I Alveolar cell - respiratory • Type II- produces surfactant

  12. Surfactant

  13. Respiratory Disorders

  14. Inspiration • Contraction of • External Intercostals • Diaphragm • Intra-alveolar pressure - 756 • Volume moved = 2.2 liters • Bucket Handle movement • Rib movement • Pump Handle movement • Sternum movement

  15. Expiration • Passive movement • Elastic recoil of diaphragm • Elastic Recoil of lung tissue • Surfactant • Abdominal assist

  16. Breathing • Effects of Posture • Abdominal Pressure

  17. External & Internal Respiration

  18. Oxygen Disassociation Curve • Bohr Effect - Carbon Dioxide (c) effects oxygen transport • Haldane Effect - Oxygen levels effect carbon dioxide transport • Carbon Monoxide

  19. Carbon Dioxide Transport

  20. Carbon Dioxide Transport Tissue level

  21. Carbon Dioxide Transport Lung level

  22. Fetal Adjustments Fetal Postnatal

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