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ALLAH

ALLAH. Fuel Oil A Refiner’s outlook. A student presentation For class-VII By Shagufta shaheen. Overview History of Use What Is Crude Oil? Concentration of Oil Oil Refining Where is the oil? How long will it last? What role do chemical engineers play?. Overview.

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ALLAH

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  1. ALLAH

  2. Fuel Oil A Refiner’s outlook A student presentation For class-VII By Shagufta shaheen

  3. Overview • History of Use • What Is Crude Oil? • Concentration of Oil • Oil Refining • Where is the oil? • How long will it last? • What role do chemical engineers play?

  4. Overview THE PURPOSE OF AN OIL REFINERY IS TO TRANSFORM RELATIVELY LOW VALUE CRUDE OIL INTO HIGH VALUE PRODUCTS AS EFFICIENTLY, PROFITABLY AND ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND A WAY AS POSSIBLE

  5. History of Use • 1000 A.D. Arab scientists discovered distillation and were able to make kerosene. This was lost after the 12th century! • Rediscovered by a Canadian geologist called Abraham Gesner in 1852 Abraham Gesner (1797-1864)

  6. History of Use • 1858: first oil drilled in Canada • 1859: Edwin Drake! • Who is he? • He was the first person in the U.S. to drill for oil • Where? • Titusville, Pennsylvania

  7. What Is Crude Oil? • Crude Oil is a liquid mixture of thousands of organic chemicals found underground. It is the result of organic matter decaying over thousands of years; hence the name fossil fuel • Crude oil is found all over the world and varies tremendously in its density, aromatics, sulfur, and metals content

  8. Source of Oil • What do we need? - Source rock - Reservoir rock - Cap Rock - Traps

  9. Oil Refining • Method by which crude oil converted to petroleum products • (I think that a barrel (42 gal—produces 44 gal of petroleum products) • Distillation (fractionation) • At high temperature the lightest fractions rise to the top of a tower, heavier fractions condense at bottom

  10. Typical Fuels Refinery Crude Oil Distillation Crude Oil Distillation LPG PLPG LPG Gasoline Naphtha Naphthas Jet Fuel / Kero Distillates Distillates Further Refining Diesel / Heating Oils Crude Oil Crude Oil • Gas Oils • Gas Oils Bunker/Fuel Oils Residual (0 - 40%) Residual (0 - 40%) Misc. Products Coke (carbon) Sulfur

  11. Oil Refining • Typical Oil • Gasoline C4 to C10 27% • Kerosene C11 to C13 13% • Diesel C14 to C18 12% • Heavy gas oil C19 to C25 10% • Lubricating oil C26-C40 20% • Residue >C40 18%

  12. Oil Refining • What we get out of oil now with modern refineries: • 50% gas • 30% fuel oil • 7.5% jet fuel

  13. Where is the oilfound?

  14. How long will it last? • Quick Calculation. According to the previous graph we use about 72 million barrels per day. Oil reserves are 1201.332 billion barrels. • This equates to approximately 45 years of oil!

  15. How long will it last?

  16. What Role Do Chemical Engineers Play? • Operations Engineer • Maintenance Engineer • Control Systems Engineer • Design Engineer • Health/Safety/Environmental Engineer • Planning / Scheduling Engineer • Reliability Engineer • Plant Manager

  17. Other Ways Chemical Engineers Support The Refining Industry • Research & Development Engineers • Technical Sales Engineers • Engineering & Construction Engineers • Governmental Regulators (EPA) • University Professors Thank you

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