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Review Question

Review Question. In your own words, define Geography. BAD Answer: The science that studies the relationships between natural and cultural systems and the interdependence of the two over space and time These are not YOUR words!. Review Question. Sunspots

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Review Question

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  1. Review Question • In your own words, define Geography. • BAD Answer: • The science that studies the relationships between natural and cultural systems and the interdependence of the two over space and time • These are not YOUR words!

  2. Review Question • Sunspots • A) Are produced by coronal mass ejections • B) Are caused by solar wind • C) Have activity cycles • D) Are clouds of electrically charged particles

  3. Review Question • According to Wein’s Law • A) The electromagnetic spectrum divides radiant energy • B) Longer wavelengths have higher energy • C) Shorter wavelengths have high energy • D) The Earth is an open system in terms of energy

  4. Review Question • Solar rays pass through more atmosphere before reaching the poles, so more energy is lost to ____________, ______________, and _______________. • Absorption, scattering, and reflection

  5. Chapter 2Solar Energy to Earth and the Seasons Geosystems 6e An Introduction to Physical Geography Robert W. Christopherson Charles E. Thomsen

  6. Perihelion and Aphelion

  7. The Seasons   • Seasonality: the variation of the sun’s position over the horizon; the changing daylength during the year   • Seasons result from: • variations in the sun’s altitude – angle between the horizon and the sun • the suns’s declination – latitude of the subsolar point • and daylength - duration of exposure to insolation

  8. Reasons for Seasons  • Revolution • Rotation • Tilt of Earth’s axis • Axial parallelism • Sphericity

  9. Reasons for Seasons  • Revolution • Earth revolves around the Sun • Voyage takes one year • Earth’s speed is 107,280 kmph (66,660 mph) • Rotation • Earth rotates on its axis once every 24 hours • Rotational velocity at equator is 1674 kmph (1041 mph)

  10. Revolution and Rotation Figure2.13

  11. Reasons for Seasons  • Tilt of Earth’s axis • Axis is tilted 23.5° from plane of ecliptic • Axial parallelism • Axis maintains alignment during orbit around the Sun • North pole points toward the North Star (Polaris) • Sphericity

  12. Axial Tilt and Parallelism Figure 2.14

  13. Seasonal Observations Figure 2.17

  14. Seasonal Observations SUMMER HEMISPHERE Carrollton = 33°N What is Sun’s angle (at noon) on June 21? 90 – |(latitude – subsolar point)| 90 – |(33 – 23.5)| = 80.5 ° WINTER HEMISPHERE 90 – (latitude + subsolar point) What is the Suns’ angle (at noon) on Dec 21? 90 – (33 + 23.5) = 33.5 °

  15. Seasonal Observations • What is the noon altitude of the sun at Carrollton at the equinoxes? • Use either summer or winter hemisphere equation • 90 – |(latitude – subsolar point)| • 90 – |(33 – 0)| = 57°

  16. Annual March of the Seasons • Winter solstice – December 21 or 22 • Subsolar point Tropic of Capricorn • Spring equinox – March 20 or 21 • Subsolar point Equator • Summer solstice – June 20 or 21 • Subsolar point Tropic of Cancer • Fall equinox – September 22 or 23 • Subsolar point Equator

  17. Annual March of the Seasons Figure 2.15

  18. End of Chapter 2 Geosystems 6e An Introduction to Physical Geography Robert W. Christopherson Charles E. Thomsen

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