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Laboratory Medicine and Its Contribution to Clinical Care; A Historical Perspective

This presentation explores the historical development of laboratory medicine, including surgical pathology, cytopathology, and autopsy pathology. It highlights the important role of laboratory medicine in advancing clinical care over the past century, from the Egyptian Era to modern times.

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Laboratory Medicine and Its Contribution to Clinical Care; A Historical Perspective

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  1. Laboratory Medicine and Its Contribution to Clinical Care; A Historical Perspective Laurette Geldenhuys Dalhousie University CDHA, Halifax

  2. Declaration of Conflict of Interest • None

  3. Objectives • At the end of the presentation participants will have an enhanced understanding of • The historical development of laboratory medicine, including • Surgical Pathology • Cytopathology • Autopsy Pathology • The important role of laboratory medicine in the advancement of clinical care over the last century

  4. Egyptian Era • Edwin Smith Papyrus – 17th century BCE • Papyrus Ebers – 1550 BCE • Bone injury • Trachoma • Ulcerating lumps – cancer? • Parasites

  5. Greek Era • Hippocrates of Cos – 460 – 370 BCE • Humoural theory of the nature of disease • Crab-like growth of cancer • Inflammation • Haemorrhoids • Malaria • Tuberculosis

  6. Roman Era • Cornelius Celsus – 30 BCE – 38 CE • De Re Medicina– 1478 – first medical book ever printed • “Notaeveroinflammationissuntquatuor, rubor et tumor, cum calore et dolore”

  7. Roman EraGalen • 129 – 201 CE • Pergamus, Asia Minor • Temple of Asclepius • 500 books • Seats of Disease; Abnormal Tumours • Sarcoma – raw meat • Bloodletting • Fifth sign of inflammation – loss of function/throbbing

  8. Humoural theory • Four elements and humours • Fire – yellow bile • Earth – black bile • Water – phlegm • Air – blood • Four qualities • Hot, dry, wet, cold

  9. Arab Medicine • Avicenna – 980 – 1037 CE • Canon Medicinae • Influenced by Galen

  10. Europe • Monasteries • Italian universities

  11. Pathology as a Specialty • Antonio Benivieni – 1443 – 1502 • Florence • Case histories, autopsies • De AbditisNunnullis ac MirandisMorborum et SanctionumCausis– About the Hidden Causes of Disease

  12. Terms “Pathology” and Physiology” • Jean Fernel – 1497 – 1558 • Paris • MorbisUniversalibus

  13. Blood circulation • William Harvey – 1578 – 1657 • De MotuCordis et Sanguinis • Demise of humoural theory

  14. Microscope • Hans and Sacharias Janssen – 1580 – 1638 • Robert Hooke – 1635 – 1703 – cell • Antony van Leeuwenhoek – 1632 – 1723

  15. Giovanni Batista Morgagni • 1682 – 1771 • De Sedibus et CausisMorborum per AnatomenIndagatis– About the Seats and Causes of Disease Through Anatomical Investigation • 640 autopsies, clinicopathologic correlation • Colposcopy • Sinus of Morgagni; Columns of Morgagni; Foramina of Morgagni; Hydatid of Morgagni; Morgagni's hernia

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