Timeline the Migration Do any of these patterns surprise you?

1. Timeline the MigrationDo any of these patterns surprise you?

2. Timeline ContinuedLook at the migrations across the pacific.What motivations do people have to sail such distances in open boat?

3. Hunting and Gathering Economies Shape Paleolithic Societies • Paleolithic Society- • hunting and gathering people, ALL EQUAL (egalitarian) – in order for them to survive • No Specialists of any nature therefore no hierarchy • ONLY Male and Female Roles were different Group Question: Were did these societies exist? What were the roles of Men and Women? How did they differ?

4. So What makes the Paleolithic People Change?? • Approx, 16,000 to 10,000 Ice age ENDS!! • Climate Warms– Plants and Animals flourish – • Humans start to stay in ONE PLACE AKA---AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION • Increase food = People able to settle in ONE PLACE • Allowed them to develop techniques and technologies • They learned to use large plants and animals • They had to increase food supplies for their growing populations

5. Agriculture SpreadsWhat does it bring? Where does it spread? NEOLITHIC SOCIEITES: • Moving away from hunting and gathering • Time to create specialized tools Stone Age- Tools to create sustaining crops and the start of Domestication of plants and animals • Special Jobs HOW MIGHT THIS CHANGE GENDER ROLES???

6. Agricultural RevolutionMAP :How did it change these places?Who do you think will be the strongest and Why? • Fertile Crescent- • (southwest Asia) LOTS of plants and Animals- • Domestication of figs, wheat, barley, rye, peas, lentils, sheep, goats, pigs and cattle • Africa • Domestication of donkeys, palm oil, okra, koala nuts –More scattered and less productive in domestication of plants and animals • Americas • Domestication of Lamas and alpacas, lack animal power for plows, hunting and fishing remain the most important • Domestication of corn but very ISOLATED from everyone so no strong trade, b/c north to south land base- makes crops hard to grow/travel-Agriculture is VERY SLOW • China • -Huge breakthroughs in rice, millet and soybeans, domestication of pigs, chickens and water buffalo • New Guinea • -Domestication of Yams and bananas

7. How does the Agricultural Revolution CHANGE THE WORLD? • Population Increases—Humans become dominate species • Technology EXPLOSION—(in your groups—name as many as you can in 1 minute) • Pottery, Textiles, Mettalgry (Reading Opt: Ishi Pg 36 Strayer—Last Neolithic Society IN California)

8. Different Societies during Ag Rev: Pastoral Societies: • Relied on Domestication of Animals b/c farming was difficult • Women and Men roles stayed relatively equal (why do you think that is? Where would we find these societies?)

9. Different Societies during Ag Rev: Village-Based Agricultural Society • Settled farmers and retained much of the equality and freedom of hunting and gathering communities • Some used Matrilineal lines while others used Patrilial lines to define lineage Chiefdoms • Ag. Societies that were ruled by figures who inherited positions • Ruled through generosity and gift giving, had to have charisma (Why??) • Chiefs let rituals, ceremonies, organized community for warfare and trade

10. Why was the Agricultural Revolution SO IMPORTANT?—1 min list 3 main ideas • Marked the beginning of the dominance of the Human Species • New Technology-Pottery, weaving textiles • Why is this so important? Impact on Humans • Class structure will shift (How??) • Humans now control their environment instead of being a slave to it

11. CIVILIZATION-What makes it different from Paleo and Neo societies? • Cities with 100s-1000s of People • Powerful Leader(s) and the head of the STATE-that demanded obedience-that could wage war and often made laws • Special Jobs- Scholars (interest in science and art), pottery, warrior, blacksmith (artisan) • Written Language/Lit • Complex calendars • Class Systems- More elaborate and Inequality of Class and GENDER (What do you think these class structures looked like?? Why? • Monumental Building —for leaders/gods (Why are these important) • Long Distance Trade --

12. Civilizations:Role of Cities • Political and Administrative Centers • Set the culture of the Civilization • Architecture, literature, rituals and ceremony • Market Places for TRADE, and MANUFACTURING • What would be a present day example of CULTURE for the LIBERTY RANCH? FOR GHS? Are they the same? Different?

13. Role of the STATE: • Areas with lots of people need: authority to coordinate and regulate community issues such as defense, irrigation (food) • Often used FORCE to keep obedience • Controlled through Divine sanction—THE GODS SAID SO!! • If you could write, read or Add, you could be an ELITE!!—you could help with record keeping, writing laws, organizing goods • Lifestyles and Monuments were GRAND to show the importance of the STATE/LEADER

14. How do you suppose one should feel standing in Front of these structures?

17. Civilization: Social Inequalities • Expressed through Wealth, the ability to avoid physical labor, clothing, housing, manner of burial and class specific legal codes • Give 4 examples of current day social inequalities and WHY you think they happen.

18. PATRIARCHIES—Common in early Civilizations—WHY? What is it? --Man oversees/controls household/State, women subordinate to men Reasons: • Hand Plow to Animal Plow—Labor intensive • Population explosion—Women busy having babies and taking care of babies—Men have MORE TIME to take on Political, economic and religious Roles!! • Military- Men would join for the Prestige!—Warriors CLASS • Private Property –shifts WOMEN Status—Restrictions on Women’s Sexual Activity, ---NO HUSSIES HERE!!! need to take MAN’s name to connect to offspring –so house hold could be passed down

19. The First Civilizations(Map ACTIVITY—Chart the Early Civis) As early agricultural villages developed into cities some urban areas began to display traits of civilizations. The first ones were: • Mesopotamia (Fertile Crescent) • The Nile Valley • The Indus Valley • The Huang He Valley (Shang Dynasty) • Middle America (Mesoamerica) • Andes Mountains in South America

20. How did Civilizations CHANGE the WORLD • Social Hierarchies—Defined Roles for Class and Gender • Urban Centers—New environment for humans creating complex cultures • Monuments and Architecture allowed people to express themselves • Literacy changed how information was stored—new specialist/elites emerged AND WHAT DIDN’T CHANGE: • The Family—important component of social order • Religion practices

21. REFLECTION ON FINDINGS:How did Mesopotamia and Egypt Patriarchy Differ from each other-- Mesopotamia Egypt Allowed Women Greater opportunities Women Legally seen as equal to men Could own property Sell land, make Wills, sign own marriage contracts, get divorced Some Royal women had power Women Not Vied and often in art women poses were equal • Written Law to ENFORCE Patriarchic Family --Law Support Men , women protected by Men • Respectable women (those under protection and sexual control of a Man—Often Veiled) OR NON-Respectable—prostitutes, slaves—forbidden from wearing a veil

22. How were Meso and Egypt shaped by their interactions with Others Mesopotamia Egypt Relied on wheat, barley , melon and domesticated animals taken/adopted from Mesopt. Pyramids MAY have been taken from Meso as well Devine Kinship—Came from Sudan Daggers, bows and swords taken Hykos • Indo-European pastoralist showed BOTH domestication of the HORSE, Chariot technology that was later used for Warfare Why does Egypt have MORE infusion than Meso?