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Nomenclature:

Nomenclature:. Rules for naming covalent- molecular compounds 2. Rules for naming ionic compounds 3. Rules for naming acids. Using only the formula, determine if it is covalent-molecular or ionic. Do you see only non-metals, and no familiar ions? If so, it’s covalent-molecular.

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Nomenclature:

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  1. Nomenclature: • Rules for naming covalent- • molecular compounds • 2. Rules for naming ionic • compounds • 3. Rules for naming acids

  2. Using only the formula, determine if it is covalent-molecular or ionic. Do you see only non-metals, and no familiar ions? If so, it’s covalent-molecular. SO2 K2S CO2 NH4NO3 NCl3 N2O5 NO NO3 SCl4 PCl5

  3. Using only the formula, determine if it is covalent-molecular or ionic. Do you see only non-metals, and no familiar ions? If so, it’s covalent-molecular. SO2 covalent-molecular K2Sionic CO2covalent-molecular NH4NO3ionic NCl3covalent-molecular N2O5covalent-molecular NOcovalent-molecular NO3covalent-molecular SCl4covalent-molecular PCl5covalent-molecular

  4. Is it ionic? Do you see familiar polyatomic ions? Does the formula contain a metal cation and a non-metal anion? MnSO4 K2CrO4 K2O2 (NH4)2SO3 NiCl2 NO2 CuCO3 SO3 SeCl2 AgClO4

  5. Is it ionic? Do you see familiar polyatomic ions? Does the formula contain a metal cation and a non-metal anion? MnSO4 ionic K2CrO4ionic K2O2ionic (NH4)2SO3ionic NiCl2ionic NO2covalent-molecular CuCO3ionic SO3covalent-molecular SeCl2covalent-molecular AgClO4ionic

  6. Naming covalent-moleculars: 1. Name the central atom first using the atom’s name. 2. Name the other atoms next, using –ide endings. 3. Use prefixes (mono-, di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, hexa-, hepta-, etc.) to indicate number of each atom. Do not use mono- with first atom. SO2 Cl2O7 CO2 P4S6 NCl3 N2O5 NO NO3 SCl4 PCl5

  7. Naming covalent-moleculars: Name the central atom first using the atom’s name. Name the other atoms next, using –ide endings. Use prefixes (mono-, di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, hexa-, hepta-, etc.) to indicate number of each atom. Do not use mono- with first atom. SO2 sulfur dioxide Cl2O7dichlorineheptoxide CO2carbon dioxide P4S6tetraphosphorushexasulfide NCl3nitrogen trichloride N2O5dinitrogenpentoxide NOnitrogen monoxide NO3nitrogen trioxide SCl4sulfur tetrachloride PCl5phosphorus pentachloride

  8. Ionics… some helpful generalizations From the periodic table: Alkali metals like to form +1 cations in their ionic compounds. Alkaline earth metals form +2 ions Aluminum forms +3 ions Al forms Al3+ Li+ Na+ K+ Rb+ Cs+ Be2+ Mg2+ Ca2+ Sr2+ Ba2+

  9. Ionics… some helpful generalizations 2. Transition metals and post-transition metals form a variety of cations, but not anions. Ti2+ Ti3+ Ti4+ V2+ V3+ V4+ V5+ Cr2+ Cr3+ Mn2+ Mn3+ Fe2+ Fe3+ Co2+ Co3+ Ni2+ Ni3+ Cu+ Cu2+ Zn2+ Ag+ Cd2+ Hg22+ Hg2+ Sn2+ Sn4+ Pb2+ Pb4+ Ga3+ In3+ “other metals” are the post-transition metals

  10. Ionics… some helpful generalizations Cationsmade from metals carry the name of the metallic element. 4. Transition elements give the charge as part of their name as a Roman numeral in parentheses. Na+sodium ion Cu2+ copper(II) ion

  11. Ionics… some helpful generalizations Cationsmade from metals carry the name of the metallic element. 4. Transition elements give the charge as part of their name as a Roman numeral in parentheses. Na+sodium ion Cu2+ copper(II) ion V+5 Mg+2 Co+3 Ag+ Rb+

  12. Ionics… some helpful generalizations 3. Cations made from metals carry the name of the metallic element. 4. Transition elements give the charge as part of their name as a Roman numeral in parentheses. Na+sodium ion Cu2+ copper(II) ion V+5vanadium(V) ion Mg+2magnesium ion Co+3cobalt(III) ion Ag+silver(I) ion Rb+ rubidium ion

  13. Ionics… some helpful generalizations 5. Polyatomic cations have names to be memorized: NH4+ is ammonium. 6. Anions of a single type of atom carry an –ide ending: Cl is chlorine; Cl- is chloride. 7. Polyatomic anions have names that end in –ite or –ate, but very seldom –ide. 8. Anions with –ate endings have one more oxygen atom than anions with –ite endings. SO42- sulfate SO32- sulfite S2- sulfide

  14. Ionics… some helpful generalizations 5. Polyatomic cations have names to be memorized: NH4+ is ammonium. 6. Anions of a single type of atom carry an –ide ending: Cl is chlorine; Cl- is chloride. 7. Polyatomic anions have names that end in –ite or –ate, but very seldom –ide. 8. Anions with –ate endings have one more oxygen atom than anions with –ite endings. S2- sulfide SO32- sulfite SO42- sulfate N3- NO2- NO3- P3- PO33- PO43- Cl- ClO2- ClO3-

  15. Ionics… some helpful generalizations 5. Polyatomic cations have names to be memorized: NH4+ is ammonium. 6. Anions of a single type of atom carry an –ide ending: Cl is chlorine; Cl- is chloride. 7. Polyatomic anions have names that end in –ite or –ate, but very seldom –ide. 8. Anions with –ate endings have one more oxygen atom than anions with –ite endings. S2- sulfide SO32- sulfite SO42- sulfate N3- nitride NO2- nitrite NO3- nitrate P3- phosphide PO33- phosphite PO43- phosphate Cl- chloride ClO2- chlorite ClO3- chlorate

  16. Ionics… some helpful generalizations The halogens form a series of five anions! Cl- ClO- ClO2- ClO3- ClO4-

  17. Ionics… some helpful generalizations The halogens form a series of five anions! Cl- chloride ClO- ClO2- chlorite ClO3- chlorate ClO4-

  18. Ionics… some helpful generalizations The halogens form a series of five anions! Cl- chloride ClO- hypohlorite ClO2- chlorite ClO3- chlorate ClO4-

  19. Ionics… some helpful generalizations The halogens form a series of five anions! Cl- chloride ClO- hypohlorite ClO2- chlorite ClO3- chlorate ClO4-perchlorate

  20. Ionics… some helpful generalizations The halogens form a series of five anions! Cl- chloride ClO- hypochlorite ClO2- chlorite ClO3- chlorate ClO4-perchlorate Br- BrO- BrO2- BrO3- BrO4-

  21. Ionics… some helpful generalizations The halogens form a series of five anions! Cl- chloride ClO- hypochlorite ClO2- chlorite ClO3- chlorate ClO4-perchlorate Br- bromide BrO- hypobromite BrO2- bromite BrO3- bromate BrO4-perbromate

  22. Ionics… some helpful generalizations The halogens form a series of five anions! Cl- chloride ClO- hypochlorite ClO2- chlorite ClO3- chlorate ClO4-perchlorate I- IO- IO2- IO3- IO4-

  23. Ionics… some helpful generalizations The halogens form a series of five anions! Cl- chloride ClO- hypochlorite ClO2- chlorite ClO3- chlorate ClO4-perchlorate I- iodide IO- hypoiodite IO2- iodite IO3- iodate IO4-periodate

  24. Rules for Naming Ionics Name cation first, then anion. Remember transition metals need () with charge! 2. Only use parentheses with polyatomic ions, and then only when there are two or more in formula. 3. Do not use capital letters when naming compounds. NaClO3 Ca(OH)2 Col3 (NH4)2CO3 K2Cr2O7

  25. Rules for Naming Ionics Name cation first, then anion. Remember transition metals need () with charge! 2. Only use parentheses with polyatomic ions, and then only when there are two or more in formula. 3. Do not use capital letters when naming compounds. NaClO3 sodium chlorate Ca(OH)2calcium hydroxide Col3 cobalt(III) iodide (NH4)2CO3 ammonium carbonate K2Cr2O7 potassium dichromate

  26. Rules for Naming Ionics Name cation first, then anion. Remember transition metals need () with charge! 2. Only use parentheses with polyatomic ions, and then only when there are two or more in formula. 3. Do not use capital letters when naming compounds. potassium permanganate beryllium cyanide iron(II) nitrate or ferrous nitrate lithium bicarbonate / lithium hydrogen carbonate silver(I) perchlorate

  27. Rules for Naming Ionics Name cation first, then anion. Remember transition metals need () with charge! 2. Only use parentheses with polyatomic ions, and then only when there are two or more in formula. 3. Do not use capital letters when naming compounds. KMnO4potassium permanganate Be(CN)2beryllium cyanide Fe(NO3)2iron(II) nitrate or ferrous nitrate LiHCO3 lithium bicarbonate / lithium hydrogen carbonate AgClO4silver(I) perchlorate

  28. More Ionics KH2PO4 MgHPO4 FeSO4 Hg2Cl2 Cu(BrO2)2 manganese(III) phosphate calcium thiocyanate lead(II) nitrate mercuric chlorate aluminum hypoiodite

  29. More Ionics KH2PO4potassium dihydrogen phosphate MgHPO4magnesium hydrogen phosphate FeSO4ferrous sulfate or iron(II) sulfate Hg2Cl2mercurouschloride or mercury(I) chloride Cu(BrO2)2cupric bromite MnPO4manganese(III) phosphate Ca(SCN)2calcium thiocyanate Pb(NO3)2lead(II) nitrate Hg(ClO3)2mercuric chlorate Al(IO)3aluminum hypoiodite

  30. Ionics mixed with covalent-moleculars NH4SCN Asl3 CuNO2 H2S Zn(C2H3O2)2 calcium phosphate chromium(III) chromate lead(IV) bromide nitrogen trioxide selenium dioxide

  31. Ionics mixed with covalent-moleculars NH4SCNammonium thiocyanate Asl3arsenic triiodide CuNO2cuprous nitrite or copper(I) nitrite H2Sdihydrogensulfide Zn(C2H3O2)2zinc(II) acetate Ca3(PO4)2calcium phosphate Cr2(CrO4)3chromium(III) chromate PbBr4lead(IV) bromide NO3nitrogen trioxide SeO2selenium dioxide

  32. At the course website, you can download: An extensive worksheet where you can practice by naming 40 ionic compounds, 40 covalent moleculars, and 40 acids. Answer key also posted. An copy of last year’s nomenclature quiz, again with answers. Use this as a dress rehearsal when you think you are ready. You can miss only 3 to pass. This Powerpoint presentation Nomenclature Certification Quiz Thursday, September 13th in this room. Periodic table provided.

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