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Welcome to Forensic Science

Welcome to Forensic Science. What is Forensic Science?. Forensic Science. The application of science to the criminal and civil laws that are enforced by police agencies in a criminal justice system. History and Development of Forensic Science. Marcello Malpighi.

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Welcome to Forensic Science

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  1. Welcome to Forensic Science • What is Forensic Science?

  2. Forensic Science • The application of science to the criminal and civil laws that are enforced by police agencies in a criminal justice system.

  3. History and Development of Forensic Science

  4. Marcello Malpighi • 1686 (17th Century) Professor of anatomy in Italy. • First to record notes about finger print characteristics; however, did not acknowledge that fingerprints were unique and could possibly be used to identify people.

  5. Carl Wilhelm Scheele • 1775. Swedish Chemist • Devised first successful test for detecting the poison arsenic in corpses.

  6. Francois-Emanuel Fodere • French Physician • 1798 (18th Century): wrote “A Treatise on Forensic Medicine and Public Health”. This was one of the first scientific papers relating to forensic science.

  7. Valentin Ross • 1806 (19th Century) German Chemist • Discovered a more precise method of detecting arsenic in the walls of a victim’s stomach.

  8. Mathieu Orfila – Father of ForensicToxicology! • 1814 (19th Century) Spaniard • Published the first scientific treatise on the detection of poisons and their effects on animals. • This treatise established forensic toxicology as a legitimate scientific endeavor.

  9. The mid-1800’s scientific advances • 1828 Polarizing Microscope invented • 1839 Microscopic detection of sperm • 1853 First microcrystalline test for hemoglobin • 1863 First presumptive test for blood.

  10. First Toxicological Evidence • 1839- Scottish chemist named Marsh testified on the detection of arsenic in a victim’s body!

  11. By late 19th century • Public officials were beginning to apply knowledge from all scientific disciplines to the study of crime.

  12. Alphonse Bertillon 1879

  13. Anthropometry • 1879: Alphonse Bertillon developed the first system of personal identification. • Anthropometry was a systematic procedure that involved using a series of measurements as a means of distinguishing one individual from another.

  14. Francis Henry Galton (1892) • Published a book titled Finger Prints which contained the first statistical proof supporting the uniqueness of finger prints for humans. • Finger Prints described basic method of using features of a finger print to identify an individual.

  15. 1893 Hans Gross • Wrote first treatise describing the application of scientific disciplines to the field of criminal investigation. • Criminal Investigation = title of his book

  16. 1910 Albert S. Osborn • Wrote text book entitled Questioned Documents. • Developed the fundamental principles of document examination.

  17. 1915 Dr. Leone Lattes • A professor in Italy • Devised a simple procedure for determining the blood group (A, B, AB or O) of a dried blood stain.

  18. 1910: Edmond Locard • First forensic crime lab in Lyons • Developed Locard’s Principle: when two objects come into contact with each other, a cross-transfer of materials occurs.

  19. Dr. Walter McCrone • One of the world’s leading advocate for the use of microscopes in the analysis of evidence from crime scenes.

  20. Army Colonel Calvin Goddard • Refined the techniques of firearms examination by using the comparison microscope. • Established a technique to determine whether a particular gun has fired a bullet.

  21. 1984 Sir Alec Jeffreys • Developed the first DNA profiling test. • 1986 first time DNA profiling was used to solve a crime identifying Colin Pitchfork as the murderer of two young English girls and established to innocence of a criminal suspect in the same case.

  22. Make your own timeline of events using the scientists mentioned in this power point! • Who will be first? • Who will be mentioned last?

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