Lecture 3 Design Process & Design Methods

1. Lecture 3Design Process & Design Methods 1

2. Design Process vs. Design Methods • Design Methods – the techniques employed during design proces • Design Process – a series of processes involving identification of needs, planning, setting up specifications, conceptualization and product development 2

3. Literature search, investigation, interviews, observation, questionnaires, testing, data/information collection, demand/wish/constraints, product design specification (PDS) Brainstorming, synectics, analogy, morphological charts, functional analysis Decision matrix, ranking & weighting techniques Value Engineering, Design for X’s, Failure Mode & Effect Analysis (FMEA), CAD/CAE Quality Engineering, Design of Experiment, Product Testing Design Process Recognition of Need Design Methods Problem Definition Concept Generation Concept Evaluation Detail Design Manufacture Market 3

4. Stage 1: Recognition of Need • Most needs are ill-defined • Very vague – unclear! • Too broad – no boundary, too general, lack specific • Designers must be certain • No assumption–“ I think this is the way to do it...”, “I think the user will like it…” • Need facts and figures 4

5. Stage 2 – Problem Definition • Also called Clarification of Task – to clearly define the ill-defined need/problem • Common methods: • Literature search • Investigation, interviews, observation, questionnaires, testing, data/information collection • Demand/wish/constraints • Product Design Specification (PDS) 5

6. Example – Problem Definition Problem Statement You have been given a task to design a battery-operated car jack for domestic market. The product must not exceed RM 300/unit. It should be easy to use, lightweight and portable. • Battery operated • Domestic market • Easy to use • Lightweight • Portable 6

7. Problem Definition: Car Jack • Battery operated – Cigarette lighter? Direct to car battery? Amperage? Voltage? Car battery capacity?….. • Domestic market – user? Class of car? Type of car? Age group? Income group? Gender? Tonnage? Mounting point? Existing Design? Competitors? … • Easy to use – operation time? Height? Size? Storage? Weight? • Lightweight – How light? Existing Design? • Portable – Storage? Case? Target car storage capacity? Location of storage? 7

8. Wrapping up Problem Definition Stage After exhaustive effort of defining the problem, you must have a better idea about your design boundary. Then you should sit down and prepare the REQUIREMENTS of your design: • Design Objectives, Wish lists, Constraints • Product Design Specification (PDS) – Prof. Stuart Pugh 8

9. Stage 3 – Concept Generation • This is the most difficult and critical stage in design • Need to employ CREATIVITY and INNOVATIVENESS 9

10. STOP HERE! Let’s have fun! Mini Project (30%) You need to design a ‘device’ that can prevent a raw chicken egg from breaking when it is thrown from the first floor of C23. This ‘device’ must: • Use recycle material and must not exceed 500 g (including the egg) • Be original and ‘home grown’- no ‘ready-made’ device • Be purely mechanical 10

11. Expectation • Due in 2 weeks from today • Progress and developmental work - problem definition, concept generation, evaluation criteria. • Demonstrate some level of critical thinking - ability to relate to the basic concepts of engineering • Originality • Functionality 11

12. Deliverables • Prototype • Developmental sketches • Simple report • Short Oral Presentation 12

13. Grading Criteria • is the design creative? • is the design well engineered? The employment of basic engineering analysis and concept • does the design adhere to the specifications and meet all the constraints? • quality of the design report – is it well-written, well-structured, and contain all necessary information? • quality of the oral presentations • participation in the weekly meetings 13

14. Idea Generation Techniques • Use Brainstorming • Analogical Thinking – relate to events or situations or objects surrounding you Selamat Mencuba! 14