Ch 9 S 2 :

1. Ch 9 S 2: Industrialization Spreads

2. Socialism: A Really Short Review I promise…… Looking at Factory life: Workers are taken advantage of through long hours of work, little pay, and horrible working conditions. Observes how bad things are for workers Factory owners make a large profit and do very little work. Karl Marx, German Philosopher History is a struggle between “haves” and “have-nots” -Class struggle pushes history forward. Believes ideas change history. Believes history advances through conflict and is motivated by economics.

3. Socialism: The Short story Continued Capitalism: Temporary phase Marx says workers will not put up with these conditions forever. Proletariat = Working Class Maker of the goods, the ones that do all of the work. They will seize control from the rich business owners, the… Bourgeoisies. Then the workers will create a classless society where they equally own everything everyone would work hard together and share everything equally: Communism

4. Socialism: How that worked out Nice on paper, Bad in practice. It doesn’t.

5. Socialism: What happens instead? Nice on paper, Bad in practice. Marx was writing when the divide between rich and poor was at its worst. Over time workers gain the right to vote and use it to correct the social injustices they faced. Conditions improve, wages rise, and the standard of living increases. Do people still try communism? Yes. Who? We’ll talk about it later. Does it work then? I Said later.

6. New Industrial Powers -Germany, France, and the United States had more abundant supplies of coal, iron and other resources then Britain did. - They ALL basically copied what Britain did.

7. Uneven Development Russia: Had natural resources Stuck behind because of political issues. (BAD CZARS)  I.R doesn’t begin for almost 100 YEARS after G.B. Japan: Lacked basic resources (ISLAND). 2. Began to industrialize in late 1800’s because of a push by the gov.

8. Effects of Industrialization -Men, women and children worked long hours…. Cities exploded with people. -Factories produced huge quantities of new goods at lower prices. Demand for goods created jobs -At a technological and economic advantage the Western powers came to dominate the world.

9. Technology 2.0! Electricity: Replaced steam as the dominant source of energy. Michael Faraday invented the Dynamo an electric generator. STEEL: Bessemer Process Harder, more durable, and lighter than IRON. Cheap Bridges and Skyscrapers here we come! Chemicals: Dynamite Soap Aspirin Fertilizers

10. Steel Production and the Bessemer Process

11. The Automobile Age -Nikolaus Otto invented a gasoline powered internal combustion engine(1884). CARS STILL USE THIS TODAY -1886, Karl Benz received a patient for the first automobile, which had three wheels.

12. Conquest of the Air • (1903) Wright brothers invent & design first airplane. • Only flies for a few seconds but it was a HUGE breakthrough.

13. Monopolies *not the game • Powerful business leaders created monopolies for huge corporations that controlled entire industries.(Steel, oil, & coal) • -Corporations: Business owned by many investors.

14. Ch 9 S 3: Changing Attitudes & Values

15. Darwin’s Theory of Natural Selection -Charles Darwin wrote, On the Origin of Species-Argued all forms of life evolved into their present state over millions of years • Natural Selection: Darwin theory that the harsh world conditions “select” those creatures best adapted to survive. AKA Survival of the fittest

17. Social Darwinism and Racism • Social Darwinism- The belief that “survival of the fittest” applies to human society. The rich being more “fit” than the poor for example. • -This belief promotes racism