Analysis and Design of Green Residential Housing in Al Ain UAE (Civil Engineering Role)

1. United Arab Emirates University College of Engineering Group Members :FATIMA HAREB AL BADI 200413697JAWAHER HAMAD SERAIDI 200511600MAWAHIB MOHD AL SHEHHI 200513126MEERA MOHD AL BALOUSHI 200502153Advisor Name : Dr. Hassan ImranCoordinator Name : Dr. AmrSweedan Analysis and Design of Green Residential Housing in Al Ain UAE (Civil Engineering Role)

2. Table of Content • Executive Summary • Introduction • Summary of Achievements in GPI • Updated background theory • Structural Design • Water/ Waste Water Design • Economical, Ethic, And Contemporary Issues • Conclusion and Way forward Conclusion

3. Executive Summary • New design is proposed for existing villa in UAE; Al Ain in accordance to green building guidelines in UAE . • The villa consists of ground and first floors. • Two conceptual designs were proposed for the structural and water/wastewater design.

4. For the structural, minimum numbers of structural elements are proposed. • The second concept of structural is to use the minimum number of structural elements and flat slab. • The water/wastewater is a combined system for the grey water and air-conditions units. • Second water/wastewater concept is to use two systems separately, one for the grey water and the other for air – condition units. • Abase cost will be calculate for the amount material that will be used for the detailed design.

5. Introduction • Today’s Green building alternative providers face special challenges. • Regulations continue to evolve while the need to reduce manufacturing costs and advance design cycles increases. • And new technologies need to push the envelope while staying safe and reliable. • Green Building is an approach to build design which promotes the construction and operation of building and communities more sustainably. • The aim of witch to evaluated the energy efficiency and environment impact of all forms of building (commercial, residential and industrial) in UAE.

6. Project Objectives • The project aiming toward providing structural and water / wastewater design for a residential villa in Al Ain area that category of the green building requirements, Precious Water, and Stewarding Materials.

7. Summary of Achievements in GPI

8. Proposed Conceptual Designs • Two conceptual designs were proposed for the structural and water/wastewater design. • For the structural, minimum numbers of structural elements are proposed. The second concept of structural is to use a flat slab system with a minimum numbers of structural elements. • The water/wastewater is combined systems for the grey water and air-condition units are used for the first concept. While using two systems separately, one is for the grey water and the other is for air – conditioning units. • The air conditioning drain water will be used directly for irrigation, while the grey water will be treated and used again.

9. Embodiment Design • Structural design • Using ACI 318 -05 [2]. • First, should find the beam dimensions. Then, calculate the load from slab, the beam’s own weight, wall’s own weight and the rib’s own weight. • After that, ultimate load on the beams and moments will be obtained to calculate the reinforcement and strips. For slabs, the procedure to design a slab is to calculate all types of load calculations, bending moment and shear stress. • check the deflection and find the reinforcement.

10. Water and Waste Water Design • To estimate the total amount of water (clean + grey) we assumed the total number of the air- condition units for each villa is 10 units. • Each unit produces almost 2.5 L/day. This is estimated for an air-condition unit of 2 tons cooling capacity. • Assume that the ten units are operated 6 months of the year, which is almost 180 days. • Then, the total amount of water produced by the 10 units is; 10 units X 2.5 L/day X 180 Days = 4500 L = 1189 gallons

11. For the grey water, the estimate will be based on the American Water Works Association Standard for one person per day which is 70 gallons. For an average of 6 people the total water consumption is 420 gallons per day. The design purpose assumes 60% of the consumed water is grey water which is 252 gallons.

12. Final Deliverables and Preliminary Costs • In GP1, the total cost of the construction material and the water system were estimated for each element. • The construction material elements include soil excavation, backfilling, and blocks, plain concrete, reinforced concrete, stairs and a parapet wall. • There were also structural elements such as columns, beams, slabs. • The water system cost was estimated for several types of pipes, filters, storage tanks and different traps. • This cost will be used as the base cost and compared to the new estimated cost for the proposed design in GP2.

13. Updated background theory

14. Green Building Regulations & Specifications Dubai 2010 • Green Buildings Regulations & Specifications Dubai 2010 aims at rationalizing water consumption and the optimum use of renewable energy as well. • All these factors will contribute effectively in reducing gas emissions, improving internal environment quality, and will reflect positively on public health. • Such factors will increase the life span of buildings and will contribute in the preservation of the ecosystem that will invariably lead to increased productivity and will boost economic development.

15. Estidama • Estidama is an approach to building design which promotes the construction and operation of building and communities more sustainably. • Estidama is a green building rating system called the Pearl Rating System. • The aim of witch to evaluated the energy efficiency and environment impact of all forms of building (commercial, residential and industrial) in Abu Dhabi UAE.

16. Green Building Guidelines, UAE • The Green Building Guidelines is a scheme set off by The Executive Council (TEC), Government of Dubai and the Ministry of Public Works (MoPW), Based on the request of the Ministry of Public Works, to develop the guidelines for Sustainable/Green Building for the new projects. • The intents of such project are mainly to - save energy -conserve water -improve health conditions - Lower CO2 emission generated by the cooling - Water demands required for new buildings. • The project is structured to include the guidelines for new buildings; according to its nature, type and location.

17. This project is considered as part of a well thought plan to make new buildings being constructed in these emirates liveable and healthier, and to a larger extent, contributes towards creating and maintaining sustainable built environments and eco-friendly cities.

18. Structural Design

19. The existing villa Ground floor consists of :One bed room.One living room.One Majlis.One Dressing room.One Kitchen.Three Bath roomsOne LobbyOne Wash roomOne Dining roomOne Maid room

20. The existing villa First floor consists of : Three bed room. One living room. Three Dressing room. Three Bath rooms One Lobby

21. Structural system of the building • Area : • Ground Floor area = 430 m2 • First Floor area = 436 m2 • Total area = 866 m2 • Types of slab : All slabs are one way ribbed slabs. • Types of column : Rectangular columns. • Types of foundation : Isolated footings and combined footings. • There are tie ,hidden and drop beams.

22. Structural Design To meet the Pearl requirement of the stewarding materials two conceptual design will be propose. • Concept-1: The use of minimum number of structural elements. The design will investigate the use of number of columns, beams, and footings. This design will help to reduce the amount of steel and concrete. • Concept- 2: The use of minimum number of structural elements that have determined in concept-1 will be with flat slab.

23. Structural Design • To implement both concepts SAFE Software was used. Material properties in table below :

24. Structural Design The following procedure is used to implement both concepts : • Slab, beams, column and wall properties were entered as input date in the program. • The plan of the villa was imported from the Auto Cad drawing. • Data for the live and dead load were entered. • The program was run . • Deflection ΔL was checked.

25. Result of Structural Design • Concept -1: The beam sizes and steel reinforcement were changed. Beams B4, B5, B6, B7 were reduced to B3 in sizes, but the ribs remain the same, this indicated in Tables 4.1, 4.2 and 4.3.

26. Schedule of general input data in concept-1

27. Result of Structural Design Table 4.1 Old beam scheduled from Violet consultant

28. Result of Structural Design Table 4.2 Ribs scheduled from Violet consultant

29. Result of Structural Design Table 4.3. New Beam Scheduled

30. Result of Structural Design Table 4.4. Old foundation scheduled

31. Result of Structural Design Table 4.5. New Foundation Scheduled

32. Result of Structural Design

33. . Schedule of general input data in concept-2

34. Result of Structural Design • In concept-2 the amount of concrete and steel were increased as shown in the Table below : Total Amount of R.C & Steel in concept -2

35. Conclusion of Structural Design • In Conclusion, concept -1 is meeting the concept of the green building requirements of using the building material efficiently.

36. Water/ Waste Water Design

37. Introduction • Criterion of Recycled Water (Grey Water). • Group of Water Use and Efficiency. • Criterion no.4 • ” (Treated Grey Water) only that used up in showers, baths and faucets, and specifically reused for flushing toilets, landscape irrigation, and air-conditioning cooling towers”.

38. Objective • Reduce potable water use in buildings by at least 20 percent and water resources plus decreasing the potable water used in air-conditioning systems by up to 70 percent. • Conserving water use and consequently, reducing energy consumption needed in the desalination process hence, lowering Carbon emissions.

39. Water and Waste Water Design • For the Water/ Waste Water two concepts will be design. • Concept one is to have combined system for the grey water and air – conditions units. • In the second concept is to develop two systems separately one for the grey water and the other for the air – conditions units. • Grey water should treat and reused.

41. Recycles Water and Waste Water Calculations • Then the total amount water produced by the 10 air- Conditioning units is; 10 units X 2.5 L/day X 180 Days = 4500 L = 1189 gallons • Water consumption value for one person per day = 700 L • For average of 6 people the total water consumptions is 4200L/day . • For the design purpose assumes 60% of the consumed water is grey water. • For Grey Water = 700 L/ day X 6 persons = 4200 L/day • For Design Purpose = 4200 L/day X 0.6 = 2520 L/day = 666 gallons per day • Use 105 L/hr

42. Oil-Water Separators Design • When it is necessary to remove oil from water, coalescing plate module type oil-water separators are often a good solution: • Remove the oil using only gravity for motive force. • The separator modules are permanent and require little maintenance. • No absorbents or other consumable items such as filter cartridges are required. • The oil separator is sized on the basis that the velocity of the continuous phase must be less than the settling velocity of the droplets of the dispersed phase.

43. Nomenclature • Vd= settling velocity of the dispersed phase droplets, m/s. • Vc = velocity of the continuous phase, m/s. • Qc = Continuous phase volumetric flow rate, m3/s. • Ai = area of the interface, m2 • dd= droplet diameter, m • Vd= settling velocity of the dispersed phase droplet with diameter d, m/s. • ρ c = density of the continuous phase kg/m3 • ρ d = density of the dispersed phase kg/m3 • µc = viscosity of continuous phase, Ns/m2 • g = gradational acceleration, 9.81 m/s2.

44. Equations • Plug flow is assumed, and the velocity of the continuous phase calculated using : • Stocks law is used to determine the settling velocity of the droplets:

45. Assumed droplet velocity size 150 µm droplets ≈ 2.9 m/hr from Table 4.9, which is well below droplet sizes normally found in oil separator. Table 4.9 API sizing example for HC (Fracois Berne et.al, 1995)

46. For Oil • Assumed diameter of the inlet pipe onto the oil- water separator = 3.00” • 3/12 = 0.25 ft x 1m / (3.28) ft = 0.076 m • Area = (π x D2)/4 = (π x 0.0762)/4 = 0.0045 m2 • Over flow rate of oil = Area x Velocity = (0.0045) m2 x 2.9 m/hr = 0.01305 m3/hr • Volume flow rate x Density = 0.01305 m3/hr x 900 kg/m3 = 11.745 kg/hr. • Summary oil calculation: Volume flow rate = 0.01305 m3/hr Mass flow rate = 11.745 kg/m3 ρ = 900 kg/m3

47. For water • Volume flow rate = 105 L/hr • Mass flow rate = 105 L/hr X 1m3/1000L X 1000kg/m3 = 105 kg/hr • ρ = 1000 kg /m3 • Viscosity = 1 m.N.s/m2 • dd = 150 µm • Vd = (150 x 10 -6 )2 x 9.81 ( 900 - 1000) / 18 x 1 x 10 -3 = - 0.0012 m/s = - 1.2 mm/s ( Rising Velocity)

48. Qc = 105 kg/hr / 1000 kg/m3x 3600 = 2.917 x10 -5 m3/sec • Then Ai = 2.917 x10 -5 m3/sec / 0.0012 = 0.0243 m2. Use vertical separator • R = (Ai/ π) 1/2 = 0.0879 m = 8.8 cm. • Use minimum diameter of separator.

49. Conclusion • Due to the oil separator calculation new MSR-11 Separator is recommended for this project designs from Mohr Separations Research. • the MSR-11 can be used in any situation where it is necessary to remove oil from water. • The maximum flow rate is 20 US gallons per minute.

50. Flow Schematic & Coalescing Plate System