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TRANSPORT POLICY OF HUNGARY – AND ITS CONTEXT

TRANSPORT POLICY OF HUNGARY – AND ITS CONTEXT. Tamás Fleischer Institute for World Economics Centre for Economic and Regional Studies of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences http://www.vki.hu/~tfleisch/efleischer_tamas.shtml <tamas.fleischer@krtk.mta.hu>. Central European University

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TRANSPORT POLICY OF HUNGARY – AND ITS CONTEXT

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  1. TRANSPORT POLICY OF HUNGARY – AND ITS CONTEXT Tamás Fleischer Institute for World Economics Centre for Economic and Regional Studiesof the Hungarian Academy of Sciences http://www.vki.hu/~tfleisch/efleischer_tamas.shtml <tamas.fleischer@krtk.mta.hu> Central European University 13th February, 2013

  2. Transport Policy of Hungary – and its European context • What is a policy ? • What is the transport policy ? • The structure of a good policy document • Documents and contexts of the EU and Hungarian transport policies of the last two decades (a list) • About the history • About the main problems • About the processes • About the documents and not sub-sectors, navigation, Malév, privatisation, bicycle roads, urban transport, constructions etc. • Conclusion (I tell it now): too many documents called all strategies, and much less strategic thinking and use of strategies.

  3. Transport Policy of Hungary – and its European context • What is a policy ? • A policy is a principle or rule to guide decisions and achieve rational outcomes. • Basic principles by which a government is guided. • A policy is an intent, and is implemented as a procedure or protocol. • Declared objectives of a government to achieve and preserve in the interest of national community. • Co-ordinated governance intent and strategy to direct and control a given government sector or field towards declared objectives and basic principles. • What is the transport policy ? • Co-ordinated governance intent and strategy to direct and control the transportation field towards declared objectives and basic principles. • The structure of a good sector policy=> (see later)

  4. Transport Policy of Hungary – and of the European Union

  5. Transport Policy of Hungary – and of the European Union Hungarian Transport Policy2003-2015

  6. Transport Policy of Hungary – and of the European Union 1990 Hungarian Transport Policy2003-2015 2004

  7. Transport Policy of Hungary – and of the European Union 1990 „Time to decide” 2001 Hungarian Transport Policy2003-2015 2004

  8. 1990 „White Paper” 1992 „Time to decide” 2001 Hungarian Transport Policy2003-2015 2004

  9. 1990 „White Paper” 1992 Hungarian Transport Policy1996 „Time to decide” 2001 Hungarian Transport Policy2003-2015 2004

  10. 1990 „White Paper” 1992 Trans-European Networks Hungarian Transport Policy1996 „Time to decide” 2001 Hungarian Transport Policy2003-2015 2004

  11. 1990 „White Paper” 1992 Trans-European Networks Hungarian Transport Policy1996 Pan-European Corridors’97, TINA ‘99 „Time to decide” 2001 Hungarian Transport Policy2003-2015 2004

  12. 1990 „White Paper” 1992 Trans-European Networks Hungarian Transport Policy1996 Pan-European Corridors’97, TINA ‘99 „Time to decide” 2001 Hungarian Transport Policy2003-2015 TEN revision 2004 (29 April) 2004

  13. 1990 Basicprin-ciples,trans-portgeog-raphy, changeofgene- ralobjec-tives, consi-dera- tions … „White Paper” 1992 Trans-European Networks Hungarian Transport Policy1996 Pan-European Corridors’97, TINA ‘99 „Time to decide” 2001 Hungarian Transport Policy2003-2015 TEN revision 2004 (29 April) 2004

  14. 1990 Basicprin-ciples,trans-portgeog-raphy, changeofgene- ralobjec-tives, consi-dera- tions … „White Paper” 1992 Com-ments,re-marks,inter-,preta-tions Trans-European Networks Hungarian Transport Policy1996 Pan-European Corridors’97, TINA ‘99 „Time to decide” 2001 Hungarian Transport Policy2003-2015 TEN revision 2004 (29 April) 2004

  15. Historical background, past and evolution of transport and transport policies etc. 1990 Basicprin-ciples,trans-portgeog-raphy, changeofgene- ralobjec-tives, consi-dera- tions … „White Paper” 1992 Com-ments,re-marks,inter-,preta-tions Trans-European Networks Hungarian Transport Policy1996 Pan-European Corridors’97, TINA ‘99 „Time to decide” 2001 Hungarian Transport Policy2003-2015 TEN revision 2004 (29 April) 2004

  16. Historical background, past and evolution of transport and transport policies etc. 1990 Pro-cess ofEuro-pani- sation: deep-eningand wide-ning;HU fromtransi-tionto acc-ess Basicprin-ciples,trans-portgeog-raphy, changeofgene- ralobjec-tives, consi-dera- tions … „White Paper” 1992 Com-ments,re-marks,inter-,preta-tions Trans-European Networks Hungarian Transport Policy1996 Pan-European Corridors’97, TINA ‘99 „Time to decide” 2001 Hungarian Transport Policy2003-2015 TEN revision 2004 (29 April) 2004

  17. Historical background, past and evolution of transport and transport policies etc. 1990 Pro-cess ofEuro-pani- sation: deep-eningand wide-ning;HU fromtransi-tionto acc-ess Basicprin-ciples,trans-portgeog-raphy, changeofgene- ralobjec-tives, consi-dera- tions … „White Paper” 1992 Devel-opmentofotherpoli-cies:landuse,enviro-nmentprotec- tion,infor-matics,urbandevel-opment Com-ments,re-marks,inter-,preta-tions Trans-European Networks Hungarian Transport Policy1996 Pan-European Corridors’97, TINA ‘99 „Time to decide” 2001 Hungarian Transport Policy2003-2015 TEN revision 2004 (29 April) 2004

  18. Revision of WP’2001 in 2006

  19. Revision of WP’2001 in 2006 New Hungary Development Plan 2006 National Strategic Reference Framework of Hungary 2007–2013

  20. Revision of WP’2001 in 2006 New Hungary Development Plan 2006 National Strategic Reference Framework of Hungary 2007–2013 NHDP Transport Operational Program 2007-13 (KözOP) 2007

  21. Revision of WP’2001 in 2006 New Hungary Development Plan 2006 National Strategic Reference Framework of Hungary 2007–2013 NHDP Transport Operational Program 2007-13 (KözOP) 2007 Integrated Transport Development Strategy (EKFS), Green Paper 2007

  22. Integrated Transport Development Strategy (EKFS), White Paper 2007 Revision of WP’2001 in 2006 New Hungary Development Plan 2006 National Strategic Reference Framework of Hungary 2007–2013 NHDP Transport Operational Program 2007-13 (KözOP) 2007 Integrated Transport Development Strategy (EKFS), Green Paper 2007

  23. Integrated Transport Development Strategy (EKFS), White Paper 2007 Integrated Transport Development Strategy (EKFS), Sub-sectors 2008 Revision of WP’2001 in 2006 New Hungary Development Plan 2006 National Strategic Reference Framework of Hungary 2007–2013 NHDP Transport Operational Program 2007-13 (KözOP) 2007 Integrated Transport Development Strategy (EKFS), Green Paper 2007

  24. Integrated Transport Development Strategy (EKFS), White Paper 2007 Integrated Transport Development Strategy (EKFS), Sub-sectors 2008 Revision of TEN-T guidelines2009…10…11… Revision of WP’2001 in 2006 New Hungary Development Plan 2006 National Strategic Reference Framework of Hungary 2007–2013 NHDP Transport Operational Program 2007-13 (KözOP) 2007 Integrated Transport Development Strategy (EKFS), Green Paper 2007

  25. Integrated Transport Development Strategy (EKFS), White Paper 2007 Integrated Transport Development Strategy (EKFS), Sub-sectors 2008 Revision of TEN-T guidelines2009…10…11… „Roadmap to a Single European Transport Area: Towards a Competitive and Resource Efficient Transport System”EUWhite Paper 2011 Revision of WP’2001 in 2006 New Hungary Development Plan 2006 National Strategic Reference Framework of Hungary 2007–2013 NHDP Transport Operational Program 2007-13 (KözOP) 2007 Integrated Transport Development Strategy (EKFS), Green Paper 2007

  26. Integrated Transport Development Strategy (EKFS), White Paper 2007 Integrated Transport Development Strategy (EKFS), Sub-sectors 2008 Revision of TEN-T guidelines2009…10…11… „Roadmap to a Single European Transport Area: Towards a Competitive and Resource Efficient Transport System”EUWhite Paper 2011 Revision of WP’2001 in 2006 New Hungary Development Plan 2006 National Strategic Reference Framework of Hungary 2007–2013 New Széchenyi Plan 2011with Chapter Transport NHDP Transport Operational Program 2007-13 (KözOP) 2007 Integrated Transport Development Strategy (EKFS), Green Paper 2007

  27. Integrated Transport Development Strategy (EKFS), White Paper 2007 Integrated Transport Development Strategy (EKFS), Sub-sectors 2008 Revision of TEN-T guidelines2009…10…11… „Roadmap to a Single European Transport Area: Towards a Competitive and Resource Efficient Transport System”EUWhite Paper 2011 Revision of WP’2001 in 2006 New Hungary Development Plan 2006 National Strategic Reference Framework of Hungary 2007–2013 New Széchenyi Plan 2011with Chapter Transport NHDP Transport Operational Program 2007-13 (KözOP) 2007 Széll Kálmán Plan 2011 with Chapter Transport Integrated Transport Development Strategy (EKFS), Green Paper 2007

  28. Integrated Transport Development Strategy (EKFS), White Paper 2007 Integrated Transport Development Strategy (EKFS), Sub-sectors 2008 Revision of TEN-T guidelines2009…10…11… „Roadmap to a Single European Transport Area: Towards a Competitive and Resource Efficient Transport System”EUWhite Paper 2011 Revision of WP’2001 in 2006 New Hungary Development Plan 2006 National Strategic Reference Framework of Hungary 2007–2013 New Széchenyi Plan 2011with Chapter Transport NHDP Transport Operational Program 2007-13 (KözOP) 2007 Széll Kálmán Plan 2011 with Chapter Transport National Transport Strategy (preparation 2011-12) Integrated Transport Development Strategy (EKFS), Green Paper 2007

  29. From the past of our ‘transport policy’ 1848 1848 István Széchenyi – The role of Budapest, the role of the transport

  30. Source: Frisnyák Sándor (1992) Magyarország történeti földrajza Tankönyvkiadó, Budapest

  31. Source: Frisnyák Sándor (1992) Magyarország történeti földrajza Tankönyvkiadó, Budapest

  32. Source: Frisnyák Sándor (1992) Magyarország történeti földrajza Tankönyvkiadó, Budapest

  33. Source: Frisnyák Sándor (1992) Magyarország történeti földrajza Tankönyvkiadó, Budapest

  34. Common Transport Policy (CTP) of the EU 1992 and 2001 • Before 1992 • There was no integrated transport policy in the union, single sectorial targets main motivation was the regulation of the competition • EU CTP 1992 „Single network to the single market” • Integrated transport policy – but focus on one single layer (international level) • Inter-modality, interoperability, free access, corridors, TEN-T, single market • EU Transport Policy 2001: „Time to Decide” • Main target: decoupling the link between the economic and the transport growth- focus on limiting road transport through charging, - with efficiency measures in other modes, - and with targeted investments… …into the TEN networks…

  35. TEN and its extension to the east Source: Az országos közúthálózat 1991-2000 évekre szóló-fejlesztési programja 1991, KHVM. The birth of corridor thinking, renumbering the roads in 1975

  36. TEN and its extension to the east • What does the eastern extension of the TEN means ?

  37. TEN and its extension to the east • Extension of the grid toward the east

  38. TEN and its extension to the east • Prolongation of the east-west corridors

  39. TEN and its extension to the east • Prolongation of the east-west corridors

  40. TEN and its extension to the east • Prolongation of the east-west corridors

  41. TEN and its extension to the east Source: http://www.khvm.hu/EU-integracio/A_magyarorszagi_TINA_halozat/Image11.gif Helsinki, or Pan-European transport corridors

  42. Dilemmas of the Central European Transport Policy in time of the EU Enlargement • European Interest 1 –Corridors (TEN-T) in western Europe were based on the internal demand of the EU area, namely on the necessity of the interconnection of well developed national networks (“Single network to the single market”) • European Interest 2 – the extension of the TEN-T network toward the East was rather the extension of the east-west corridors of the TEN-T than the extension of the grid itself. It reflected the Fifteen’s interest rather than the overall interest of the enlarged European Union. • European Interest 3 – during the adaptation of the EU (CTP) priorities the transition countries overestimated the significance of the TEN-T (supranational) level in territorial cohesion. Without proper local networks the expected advantages can not penetrate into the local economy to promote cohesion – good local network is a general interest. • Special Interest 4 – the structure/pattern of the inter-regional networks within Hungary follows an over-centralised structure that cause special barrier in the development of the adaptive capacity of the country.

  43. Road map of Hungary

  44. Road network of Hungary 1950s Source: Magyarország útikönyv 1955

  45. Traffic volume on the roads of Hungary Source: KTI http://www.kti.hu/uploads/images/Trendek6/Masodik/2-350.jpg

  46. Hungarian road network: secondary roads The secondary road network of Hungary reserved the imprint of the cart tracks connecting villages

  47. Patkó Károly: Útjavítók (1928)

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