Module 5

1. Module 5 Graduate Diploma in English Training for Teaching Improvement Day I The Learning process in Higher education • Fundamentals of ELT. • Cognitive, Affective & Linguistic Differences among children, teens & adults. • Common EFL Classroom problems. • What can we do to solve these problems? • 4 challenging problems that hinder Adults’ L2 acquisition process. Mr. Negrete April 2012

2. Human Knot Icebreaker Objective: Without breaking your hold see if your group can unravel yourself from this seemingly impossible "knot." Some may end up in one circle, some in two ircles, some as two interlocking circles. Rules: -You may not release hands. -Palms may pivot on one another, and grips may change, but contact may not be lost. Safety: -Ask the group not to tug or pull on each other. -Spot participants as they pass over other participants. Variation: If the group is having difficulty, and you are losing them, have them perform a "surgery.” Processing: -How your actions affect others. -The importance of collaborating together to achieve a goal. -Leadership roles within the knot. Click to Reveal Answer

3. Fundamentals of ELT Age factors in L1 & L2 acquisition. • L1: First Language. • Acquired from birth onward. • Immersed in L1. • Experience a lot of input and frequency of use. • Parental Praise and encouragement. • L2: Second Language (also known as Target Language). • Usually acquired in adolescence or adulthood. • Has Less experience with input and frequency of forms. • Usually not immersed in L2. • Receive less praise. • Less individual attention. • Whenteaching L2, rememberto do thefollowing: • Give a lot of L2 input in class. • Provide L2 Exposures outside of class. • Provide L2 Exposures outside of curriculum. • Supply effective praise and encouragement.

4. Fundamentals of ELT Age factors in L1 & L2 acquisition. • Cognitive, affective & linguistic differences . • It’s easier to learn a second language up to age 12 or 13. • Some aspects of language are learned before the teen years. • The ability to learn certain aspects of language goes down after the Critical Period. • Cognitive Differences:

5. Fundamentals of ELT Age factors in L1 & L2 acquisition. Affective Differences:

6. Fundamentals of ELT Age factors in L1 & L2 acquisition. Linguistic Differences: /heˈlo/! /həˈloʊ/!

7. Fundamentals of ELT Age factors in L1 & L2 acquisition. Other important Aspects to keep in mind:

8. Fundamentals of ELT Age factors in L1 & L2 acquisition. Important guidelines to remember when working with adults; • Adults need explicit instruction. • The need of knowing how grammar works increases. • They may feel uncomfortable when making mistakes. • Treat them respectfully and avoid child-like references. • Give them the chance to choose topics or materials. • Provide them with opportunities for grammar explanations & lots of practice. • Use supportive adult-like language when addressing them.

9. Paper Quest Icebreaker Objective: You work for a company that has run out of paper. And your boss tells you that keeping your job depends on how fast and how much paper you can find within a certain period of time. The one who finds the most paper will get to keep their job. Rules: -Use negotiation techniques to convince the providers to give you the paper because you do not have with you a signed request from your boss. Note: Providers have their own criteria to grant you what you need; so, it is up to you to convince them because there was no order issued in advance. If you can’t convince them, try going to a different provider. Processing: The exercise shows the importance of daring to put your self out, think broadly about developing a strategy, and to not give up easily when seeking to collaborate with an important potential partner. Click to Reveal Answer

10. Common EFL Classroom Problems 10 possible situations that you may encounter in the EFL classroom: 1. Students become overly dependent on teacher 2. Persistent use of first-language 3. Student is defiant, rowdy, or distracting of others 4. Students "hijack lesson" - The lesson doesn't go where you want it to 5. Personalities between students clash 6. Students unclear what do to, or do the wrong thing 7. Students are bored, inattentive, or unmotivated 8. Strong student dominance 9. Students are unprepared 10. Tardiness

11. Common EFL Classroom Problems 4challenging problems that hinder Adults’ L2 acquisition process. Language-ego: Anadult has hisown L1 structuredsystemthatenableshimtocommunicateefficiently, butwhenlearning a secondlanguage, he maynoteasilyacceptthedifferce in structure of the L2 grammaticalsystem. LanguageInterference: Thestudents’ nativelanguagemayinterferewiththe new language, resulting in a combination of bothcommunicationsystemsthatmayeventually cause themtobemisunderstood.

12. Common EFL Classroom Problems 4 challenging problems that hinder Adults’ L2 acquisition process. Interlenguage: This is a natural cognitive process in which the student makes his own assumptions about the target language. But if left unattended, it may result in fossilization. These process includes: a. borrowing patterns from the mother tongue.b. extending patterns from the target language. c. Expressing meanings using the words and grammar which are already known . Fossilization: The student’s mistakes become permanent that he may not realize he’s wrong, even when you correct him.

13. Common EFL Classroom Problems So, what to do if you were to face one of these situations? Work in teams to come up with possible solutions.

14. Screamer Icebreaker Objective: Follow the leader’s instructions to make it out of a city that’s been infested with zombies. Rules: -The leader will say some rules to follow and when he calls, “Watch out! There comes a Zombie!” Everyone turns their heads and tries to spot it. If you face someone who is directly looking at you, point at them and scream. If you face someone who is looking at someone else, nothing happens. Note: The game will be over when only two or three players remain in the circle. Processing: Helps in Stress Management, to pair up participantsand promote class integration. Click to Reveal Answer