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Routing in Mobile Ad-hoc Networks

Routing in Mobile Ad-hoc Networks. CSE 6590 Fall 2013. Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs). No infrastructure (no base stations or access points) Mobile nodes Form a network in an ad-hoc manner Act both as hosts and routers Communicate using single or multi-hop wireless links

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Routing in Mobile Ad-hoc Networks

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  1. Routing in Mobile Ad-hoc Networks CSE 6590 Fall 2013

  2. Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) • No infrastructure (no base stations or access points) • Mobile nodes • Form a network in an ad-hoc manner • Act both as hosts and routers • Communicate using single or multi-hop wireless links • Topology, locations, connectivity, transmission quality are variable.

  3. MANETs: Operations X D D Y X Z S S

  4. MANETs vs. WMNs • One type of radio on devices • Supporting end-user applications

  5. MANETs vs. WMNs (2) • MANETs: end-user devices also perform routing and configuration functionalities for all other nodes. • WMNs: mesh routers perform these tasks. • Mesh routers vs. mobile devices: • power and resource constraints • mobility • MANETs: usually only one radio. • WMNs: can have multiple channels, multiple radios.

  6. MANETs: Applications • Civil • Disaster recovery • Taxi cabs • Communications over water using floats • Vehicular ad-hoc network • Military • Battlefield communications • Monitoring and planning

  7. MANETs: Challenges • Wireless channels: error-prone media • Low bandwidth channels • Security • Unpredictable mobility • Devices: low power, limited resources • Maintaining connectivity, states

  8. Routing: Wired vs. Wireless • Ad-hoc networks have dynamic time-dependent topology • Links (edges) added/deleted • Nodes (vertices) added/deleted • Bi-directional or uni-directional links • Wireless medium • Inherently a broadcast medium • Fading, shadowing cause burst errors and/or intermittent connectivity • Network topology changes frequently • Low bandwidth: routing protocols must minimize the amount of control traffic generated.

  9. Routing Approaches • On-demand (reactive) • acquiring and maintaining routes on demand • DSR, AODV • Proactive (table-driven) • All nodes maintain routes to all destinations in the network at all times. • OLSR, MMESH • Hybrid: combines reactive and proactive • Zone Routing Protocol (ZPR)

  10. Unicast Routing Protocol for MANETs (topology-based) Table-Driven/ Proactive Hybrid On-Demand/ Reactive Clusterbased/ Hierarchical Distance- Vector Link- State ZRP DSR AODV TORA LANMAR CEDAR DSDV OLSR TBRPF FSR STAR

  11. AODV Notes • AODV uses a mechanism similar to distance vector routing  routing loops (e.g., due to “counting to infinity” problem). • AODV uses destination sequence numbers to ensure loop-freedom at all times. • AODV maintains (caches) forward and reverse routes (and sub-routes) as DSR. • Difference from DSR: routing entries are associated with DSNs (“side effect” of DSNs: help avoid obsolete routes) • Route caching speeds up route discovery, minimize control traffic overhead, minimize delay. • Reverse routes can be used for future data packets going in that direction (if the routes are still valid).

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