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Vegetative Plant Development

Vegetative Plant Development. Chapter 36. Angiosperm Embryo Development. Establishing Three Tissue Systems. Protoderm will become dermal tissue protects plant from desiccation Ground meristem will form ground tissue function in food and water storage Procambium will form vascular tissue

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Vegetative Plant Development

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  1. Vegetative Plant Development Chapter 36

  2. Angiosperm Embryo Development

  3. Establishing Three Tissue Systems • Protoderm will become dermal tissue • protects plant from desiccation • Ground meristem will form ground tissue • function in food and water storage • Procambium will form vascular tissue • perform water and nutrient transport

  4. Establishing Three Tissue Systems • Root and shoot formation • established during globular stage of development • formation of each controlled independently • Morphogenesis • globular stage gives rise to heart-shaped embryo with cotyledons produced by embryonic cells

  5. Establishing Three Tissue Systems • Food storage • starch, lipids, and proteins produced throughout embryogenesis • sporophyte transfers nutrients via suspensor in angiosperms

  6. How Seeds Form • Protective seed coat forms from outer layers of ovule cells • embryo either surrounded by nutritive tissues, or amassed food in cotyledons • seed resistant to drought and other unfavorable conditions • vehicle for dispersal

  7. How Seeds Form • Adaptive importance of seeds • maintain dormancy until better conditions arise • afford maximum protection to young plant at most vulnerable developmental stage • contain adequate food supply until photosynthetic food supply available • adapted for dispersal

  8. How Seeds Form • Specific germination triggers • exposure to heat or fire • leaching inhibitory chemicals from seed coats • passage through animal intestines

  9. How Fruits Form • Fruits are mature ovaries.

  10. How Fruits Form • Dispersal of fruits • vertebrate digestive tracts • bright colors • animal coats • hooked spines • wind • wings • water • buoyant

  11. Mechanisms of Germination • Germination begins when a seed absorbs water and resumes metabolism. • may fail to germinate without additional environmental signals • stratified - held at low temperatures

  12. Mechanisms of Germination • Utilization of reserves • Germination and early seedling growth require the utilization of metabolic reserves stored in starch grains of amyloplasts. • cereal cotyledons modified into scutellum • mediated by gibberellic acid and abscisic acid

  13. Summary • Establishing the Root-Shoot Axis • Establishing Three Tissue Systems • How Seeds Form • How Fruits Form • Mechanisms of Germination

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