Dr. Geng Duanyang Telephone ： 0533-2760314 13668641238

1. Fifth chapter Cultivator and plant protection machine Dr. Geng Duanyang Telephone：0533-2760314 13668641238 EMAIL：dygxt@sdut.edu.cn QQ: 530671341

2. Fifth chapter Cultivator and plant protection machine Growth of crops in the fields, the need for field thinning, weeding, loose soil, earth, irrigation, fertilization and prevention of diseases and insect pests, such as operations, these operations are collectively referred to as field management, the use of machinery for the protection of machinery and cultivator.

3. Fifth chapter Cultivator and plant protection machine Ⅰ Weeding technology and cultivator machine Ⅱ Plant protection machine

4. 1、Weeding technology and cultivator technology 2、The type and tectonic of cultivator 3、Working parts and feeler mechanism of cultivator Section I Weeding technology and cultivator machine

5. The characteristics of chemical herbicides ——to eliminate weed which between the lines and line ——Work to reduce the large number of field management ——Create the conditions for change in farming systems, such as no-tillage technology, aviation technology, broadcast The type of chemical herbicides Widespread herbicides ：destroy all the green plants (using the time difference, potentiometer) Selective herbicides: that is, only certain types of free plants 1、 Weeding technology and cultivator technology

6. Granular herbicide:      Drugs row mechanical devices, can be planted, row combine operations such as, simple structure, easy to accurately control the amount of facilities. Flame weeding:      Eliminate the use of flame more harmful weeds. Bentazon for the trip or the full. There is no residual poison advantages can be the elimination of a variety of weeds, but very expensive. 1、 Weeding technology and cultivator technology

7. Selective Flame weeding:      The use of weeds and crops Bentazon temperature difference between heat capacity, appropriate adjustments to the intensity of heat and flame duration, so that liquid weed expansion, cell wall rupture and death wilt, the leaves will not damage crops or other weak part of tender 1、 Weeding technology and cultivator technology

8. Power weeding:      The use of high-voltage electric field to the formation of weed eradication. United States patents, to get rid of all kinds of weeds, and weeding so that weeds will not be non-renewable sources of crop damage, no chemical residues, do not pollute the environment. Applies only to the weeds than in crops of high power consumption. 1、 Weeding technology and cultivator technology

9. Microwave Bentazon:      Namely, the use of microwave technology so that weed seeds have a great internal heat, killing seeds, plant diseases and insect pests at the same time can kill. On soil pollution, from climate impact, but relatively low efficacy, high cost of poor security. 1、 Weeding technology and cultivator technology

10. Bentazon film:      That is, before and after the coating process or planting, so that weeds can not be achieved through the film the purpose of inhibiting the growth of weeds. Bentazon bubble:      The use of bubble adhesion to the weeds of herbicides, sowing time has been applied only to the growth of weeds 1、 Weeding technology and cultivator technology

11. Biological Bentazon:      Use of the selective phagocytosis of weeds to reach the objective of eradication of weeds, such as ducks in the eradication of weeds in rice fields; geese in cotton fields weeding role also. 1、 Weeding technology and cultivator technology

12. Definition: The process of crop growth in loose soil, weeding, earth, such as mechanical tillage operations. Type 2、 The type and tectonic of cultivator weeding shovel general shovel loose soil shovel dry farmland cultivator earthing blade ridge tillage share hand straw cutter paddy field cultivator mechanical rice cultivator

13. 2、 The type and tectonic of cultivator Role: weeding, loose soil, earth trenching Characteristics: with a dead good, deep tillage smooth, durable character.

14. 2、 The type and tectonic of cultivator cultivator weeding machine: soil tillage, weeding moisture, fertilization,tillageCharacteristics: appearance modeling design, small size, multi-functional, flexible operation, highlight the strong, safe and convenient, and many other advantages

15. 2、 The type and tectonic of cultivator

16. 2、 The type and tectonic of cultivator

17. 2、 The type and tectonic of cultivator Potato earth plane cultivator Characteristics:      There in front of the pre-adjustable spring-tooth loose soil, ridge located on both sides of shovel

18. 2、 The type and tectonic of cultivator Management plane cultivator

19. 1）weeding shovel 3、Working parts and feeler mechanism of cultivator Hoe Spade α = 30, β = 15, with the removal of weeds and the role of soil broken loose, some are vertical shield to protect the seedlings will not be covered by soil. General operating depth of 4 ~ 6cm.

20. Rotary weeder 3、Working parts and feeler mechanism of cultivator Rice cultivator

21. loose soil shovel For row crops deep loose soil between the lines, there are broken layer of soil compaction, elimination of weeds, improve the role of moderatepreservation of soil moisture. 3、Working parts and feeler mechanism of cultivator Pulverizer performance, do not be channeling mattress Buried a good depth of soil layers do not mix

22. Earth browser      Used to plant the roots of earth, ridge, can also be used for irrigation drains open. 3、Working parts and feeler mechanism of cultivator

23. Feeler mechanism      In order to ensure the single row to rise and fall with the ground and up and down movement, must be increased for each monomer institutions follow suit. Including single-pole single-point hinge, parallel four-bar linkage and two degrees of freedom feeler mechanism . 3、Working parts and feeler mechanism of cultivator Parallel four feeler mechanism

24. Single-pole single-point hinge feeler mechanism 3、Working parts and feeler mechanism of cultivator The agency has a certain degree of freedom on the work of the working parts of a bar hinged together with the rack.      Analysis of force: gravity G, traction P, soil resistance R0, normal working hours, the three forces in balance, that is, G * l = R0 * r

25. When the soil changes the resistance R0, R0, such as large, then G * l <R0 * r, embedment torque torque is less than unearthed, the more shallow. If R0 smaller, then G * l> R0 * r, embedment unearthed more than torque torque, the increase of deep tillage. Characteristics:      Simple structure, but with the profile will change hoe shovel dead angle changes caused by deep tillage. 3、Working parts and feeler mechanism of cultivator

26. Parallel four feeler mechanism 3、Working parts and feeler mechanism of cultivator Principle: deep tillage on profile wheel and work surface to adjust the support components. Characteristics: 1, deep tillage and buried parts of a more stable angle; 2, allergy profile. That is encountered as long as the surface profile round of ups and downs, will be reflected in the working parts, resulting in instability of deep tillage, floor of trench uneven. 3, lag profiling.

27. Working parts in order not to soil tillage and profiling from interference generated round, round of the general configuration profile in the working parts in front of a certain distance. Copying the work of parts must be behind the campaign profiling round of profiling, there has been "profiling lag" phenomenon. The greater the distance between the two, the more serious profiling hysteresis loss, the greater the change in deep tillage. Design should be as far as possible, visit and work round-shaped near the parts. 3、Working parts and feeler mechanism of cultivator

28. 3、Working parts and feeler mechanism of cultivator Force Analysis:      Gravity G, the soil resistance R0, profiling wheel support on the anti-Q and traction force P. The stability of work, the four equilibrium.      To enable the row machine at work on the ground to profiling, the profile of the support wheel reaction force must be greater than 0, this is a necessary condition for the stability of farming.

29. Traction P is parallel to the direction of the rod, and rod movement in the profile around the hinge point of rotation, so the size and direction of traction resulting changes in the next profile in the Q value reduced; in the last profile in the Q value increases. Movement in the profile changes in the larger plot of PQ. 4 profiling parallel institutions as a result of relatively simple structure, and fluctuations in the surface of the land not to be satisfied with the work performance of the profiling, the broader domestic and international applications. However, in the above analysis we can see that such institutions have allergies profiling, profiling and profiling round lag reaction Q branch of the shortcomings of the larger changes, it re-stick in the soil, large undulating surface conditions, its operating quality also less than ideal. 3、Working parts and feeler mechanism of cultivator

30. More than two degrees of freedom under feeler mechanism (examples: two of the five degrees of freedom of movement organization) 3、Working parts and feeler mechanism of cultivator Degrees of freedom calculated in accordance with such institutions, we can see a 2 degree of freedom, that is, down in the vertical plane of the independence movement with two degrees of freedom, and round by copying and plow bound heel.

31. In normal working hours, profiling wheel and plow heel support has always been a certain reaction. Since the body has two degrees of freedom, and its enhanced profile. For example, in climbing, the profiling wheel forward edge up gradually, rather than parallel to plow up her story, but around the instantaneous center of π, for clockwise rotation, slightly sharp shovel excavated to form the trend of leaving the Goudi until all entered on the Plow Lot slope after the House to stop turning plow, plow to the original deep-tillage farming along the tilted surface to form a surface parallel to the Goudi uphill. Downhill course of the contrary, since the same profile role. Even in the face of local surface and downs, the cause will not be affected by beating plow deep tillage stability. 3、Working parts and feeler mechanism of cultivator

32. Force Analysis:      Gravity G, the soil resistance R0, profiling wheel support on the reaction Q, traction P and plow the support heel reaction N. The stability of work, the five equilibrium. 3、Working parts and feeler mechanism of cultivator

33. System of forces in the three unknowns P, Q, N, Application of graphical methods to achieve, the steps are as follows:      1. To determine the position P      Second, the work force through two components AB and CD under traction, so P will be extended through the two lines under the point of intersection; and working parts through the hinge point of E has been towed, it must be through the E point P. Π and E point to connect the traction P is the position.      2. To determine the position of R2      Polygon in the force, because R2 = R1 10 N, R2 = R a Q. Map in the body through the R1 and R2 will point N of the 2 And P and Q of the intersection point 3, point 2 and point 3 is the connection of the position of R2. 3、Working parts and feeler mechanism of cultivator

34. 3. To determine P, Q, N the size of      Draw Rl = G + R0 force polygon Oab, through the point b, and O, respectively, and R2 primers N parallel lines, point to c. C and O through Q and P, respectively, cited the parallel lines, point of intersection for d. The bc, cd, dO, respectively N, Q, P (with size R equal to the opposite direction) size. 3、Working parts and feeler mechanism of cultivator

35. Section IIPlant protection machine Ⅰ、 Plant protection methods Ⅱ、 Plant protection machinery agronomic technical requirements Ⅲ、 Spray machine Ⅳ、The main work parts of sprayer Ⅴ、Spraying device configuration Ⅵ、Introduct air spraying

36. Ⅰ、 Plant protection methods 1、Agricultural technology control act The use of appropriate agricultural technology, crop varieties through breeding, application of fertilizers, improved cultivation methods, the implementation of reasonable rotation, soil and other means of pest eradication methods. 2、 Biological control act Natural enemies of the use of biological methods to eradicate pests and diseases. Such as: Ladybug,Trichogramma etc.

37. Waterproof Covers Ultraviolet lamp Undertake pesticide browser Pesticides Ⅰ、 Plant protection methods 3、Physical and mechanical control act The use of physical methods and corresponding tools for the eradication of pests and diseases. For example: playing catch machinery, fruit bagging, ultraviolet radiation, ultrasonic high frequency vibration, high-speed airflow trematodes etc. Ultraviolet radiation

38. Sasser generator Ⅰ、 Plant protection methods Insecticidal machine high frequency oscillation

39. Intake manifolds Exhaust pipe High-speed airflow Airflow Separation tube Suction fan Pests Crease inspiratory tube Sucker Ⅰ、 Plant protection methods High-speed airflow insecticidal machine

40. Ⅰ、 Plant protection methods 4、Chemical control act The use of chemicals to eliminate pests and diseases through the special equipment of the method. The characteristics of this method is easy to operate, control, and productivity high, subject to geographical and seasonal effects of a small, but the environmental and ecological damage have a certain role. At present, the main method of plant protection chemical Control Act, plant protection machinery is also for chemical control. Application of chemical agents in many ways, there are:

41. ⑴ spraying:      Through high-pressure pump and the liquid atomization nozzle into a 100 ~ 300 micron approach. There are manual and motorized division. ⑵Mist act： Arising from the use of high-speed air flow will be further broken coarse droplet atomized into 75 ~ 100 micron droplet, and the distance to the wind. Droplet is characterized by small, being released into the atmosphere is good, evenly distributed, covering large area, can greatly increase productivity and spray concentration. Ⅰ、 Plant protection methods

42. Ⅰ、 Plant protection methods ⑶Ultra-low volume method - -the use of high-speed rotation of the gearplate to liquid releases, the formation of 15 ~ 75 micron droplet, from time to time without any dilution water, it also known as ultra-low volume spray. ⑷Smoke methods -- the use of high temperature air flow so that the smoke after the occurrence of warm-up thermal fission, the formation of 1 to 50 microns of smoke, and then blown with high-speed air flow to the distance. ⑸Dusting method - the use of high-speed air flow will be generated by spraying powder to the crops.

43. (1) should be able to meet the needs of agriculture, arts circle, forestry and other different types, different ecological and natural conditions in different plant diseases, insects, weed prevention and control requirements. (2) should be able to liquid, powder, granules and other forms of chemical pesticides applied evenly distributed in parts of the requested object on. (3) of the application of chemical pesticides should be attached to a higher rate, as well as loss of less drift. (4) The equipment should have higher productivity and better use of economic and security. Ⅱ、 Plant protection machinery agronomic technical requirements

44. Ⅲ、 Spray machine The function of sprayer is atomized into liquid droplets, and spraying the leaves and stems in the crop. Liquid sprayer according to the principle of smoke into the liquid pressure type spray machine, centrifugal spray machine, breeze-type sprayer and electrostatic spray-type machines.

45. Ⅲ、 Spray machine 1 switch 2 pole 3 spray nozzles 4 fixed nut 5 leather cuff6 Cyprus 7 felt circle under 8 Pump Cover 9 Cylinder liquid box 10 11 air outlet 12 Ball Room 14 Block 13 water polo water ball valve 15 water tube 图5-9 一种常用的手动背负式喷雾机

46. Ⅲ、 Spray machine Figure 5-10 for the development of China's Dongfanghong Backpack -18 indemnity fog-type spray machine.

47. Ⅲ、 Spray machine Figure 5-11 for the production of the former Soviet Union, the OKN-2.8-type tractor hanging chemical weeder

48. Ⅲ、 Spray machine

49. Ⅳ、 The main work parts of sprayer Usually liquid sprayer containers, mixers, air chamber, liquid pumps, nozzles, safety valve, flow control valves and various piping and other components. Which liquid pumps, air chamber, nozzles and safety valves, etc. The main work of sprayer components.

50. 1. Liquid pump liquid pump to the liquid is pressurized in order to meet the performance requirements to ensure that nozzle, the liquid pressure stability. There are common piston pump liquid pump, piston pumps, diaphragm pumps, roller pumps, flexible vane pump, gear pumps and other forms. Figure 5-16 is a large piston and piston composed of a small piston pump. Ⅳ、 The main work parts of sprayer