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Mekanisme Kerja Hormon

Mekanisme Kerja Hormon. Hormone Action. The action of a hormone : efek primer pada sel ( ikatan hormon – reseptor spesifik): hormone–receptor complex complex → effector system → signal transducing mechanism → biochemical process(es) within the cell. intracellular receptor.

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Mekanisme Kerja Hormon

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  1. Mekanisme Kerja Hormon

  2. Hormone Action • The action of a hormone: efek primer pada sel ( ikatan hormon – reseptor spesifik): hormone–receptor complex • complex → effector system →signal transducing mechanism →biochemical process(es) within the cell.

  3. intracellular receptor

  4. Complex activates a gene (transcriptionfactor)

  5. The DNA sequences of severalhormone response elements (HREs)

  6. Transmembrane Receptors • . The signal activates a channel,an enzyme, or a G-protein cascade. • Enzyme coupled receptors: Signal activates an enzyme activityof the receptor itself—tyrosine kinases, phospholipase C. • G-protein coupled receptors: Signal activates a G-protein thatactivates downstream enzymes—makes second messenger(cAMP or Ca2). • Ion-channel coupled receptors: Signal activates an ion channel

  7. Effector systems • Hormone–receptor complex: meningkatkan aktivitas • enzim • G-protein • ion channel • gene

  8. Hormone–receptor complex: meningkatkan aktivitas enzim protein kinase

  9. PROTEIN KINASES • Transmembrane receptor kinases : tyrosine kinase • ATP : phosphorylate specific tyrosineenzymatic (amplification step). • serine/threonine protein kinases • ATP to phosphorylate specificserine or threonine. • phosphorylation cascades : • one kinase phosphorylates another → MAPkinase kinase kinase. (mitogen-activated protein kinase thatphosphorylates MAP kinase kinase)

  10. .

  11. Membrane-boundphospholipase • Hydrolisa: phosphatidylinositolbisphosphate (PIP2) → dua messenger, • inositol trisphosphate (IP3) • diacylglycerol(DAG) • example: adrenalinebinding to the α-receptor in the liver: Ca2+ ions stimulateglycogenolysis

  12. glycogen synthase in muscle

  13. Enzymes and proteins regulated bycalcium or calmodulin. • Adenylyl cyclase • Ca2+-dependent protein kinases • Ca2+-Mg2+ ATPase • Ca2+-phospholipid-dependent protein kinase • Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase • Some cytoskeletal proteins • Some ion channels (eg, L-type calcium channels) • Nitric oxide synthase • Phosphorylase kinase • Phosphoprotein phosphatase 2B • Some receptors (eg, NMDA-type glutamate recept

  14. Gomplex activates G-protein • H-R complex: activates G-protein →activatesa membrane-bound enzyme (e.g. adenyl cyclase, whichconverts ATP to cyclic AMP).

  15. G-Protein

  16. Pathway of glycogenesis and of glycogenolysis in the liver

  17. Control of adipose tissue lipolysis.

  18. Cyclic GMP • Cyclic GMP: is made from GTP by the enzyme guanylylcyclase (activate : atrial natriuretic factor)

  19. Control of phosphorylase in muscle.

  20. glycogen synthase in muscle

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