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This module covers the following four orders: • PODICIPEDIFORMES — grebes • SPHENISCIFORMES — penguins • PROCELLARIIFO

This module covers the following four orders: • PODICIPEDIFORMES — grebes • SPHENISCIFORMES — penguins • PROCELLARIIFORMES — tube nose swimmers • PELECANIFORMES — pelicans cormorants, boobies & allies. White-tufted Grebe Argentina. GREBES.

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This module covers the following four orders: • PODICIPEDIFORMES — grebes • SPHENISCIFORMES — penguins • PROCELLARIIFO

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  1. This module covers the following four orders: • PODICIPEDIFORMES — grebes • SPHENISCIFORMES — penguins • PROCELLARIIFORMES — tube nose swimmers • PELECANIFORMES — pelicans cormorants, boobies & allies

  2. White-tufted Grebe Argentina GREBES

  3. *ORDER PODICIPEDIFORMES — Grebes—1 family; 21 species Range: worldwide Morphology/ecology:Long necked divers with anisodactyl, lobate feet; eat fish and invertebrates Behavior: monogamous & biparental; spectacular synchronized courtship, build floating nests on lakes and marshes and cover eggs while absent; carry chicks on back; often nest in loose colonies Other notes: eat feathers which lines stomach; function unclear, may hold fishbones while they digest

  4. Eared Grebe, B.C.

  5. Magellanic Penguins, Patagonia PENGUINS

  6. ORDER SPHENISCIFORMES — Penguins — 1 family; 17 species Range: Southern Hemisphere Morphology/ecology: flightless diving seabirds that use paddle-like wings for swimming; feet palmate; eat fish and crustaceans (krill) Behavior: biparental care; most lay single egg; colonial nesters; male emperor penguins incubate eggs on feet on ice sheets in middle of Antarctic winter! Other notes: this group may be particularly threatened by global warming Taxonomic notes: Smallest living penguin (Little blue penguin) has covered nares like birds in next order (Procellariiformes); thought that penguins and procellariformes derived from a common seabird ancestor.

  7. Humboldt Penguins, Chile

  8. TUBE-NOSED SWIMMERS Giant Fulmar, Patagonia

  9. *ORDER PROCELLARIIFORMES — Tube-nosed Swimmers (albatrosses, shearwaters, storm petrels and diving petrels) — 4 families; 115 species Range: worldwide [esp southern] oceans Morphology/ecology: highly pelagic long-winged seabirds that only come to land to nest; excellent soarers and large species like albatross can fly enormous distances; excellent sense of smell to find prey (squid, fish, crustaceans); all lay a single egg and have extremely long incubation and nestling periods Behavior: monogamous with biparental care, chicks fed a rich stomach oil regurgitated by the parent (think of it as milk derived from seafood!); they also squirt it at predators in self defense Taxonomic notes: diving petrels (Family pelecanoididae) show remarkable convergence on auks (puffins and relatives) and similarly swim underwater with their wings to catch fish. Important families: (we may see these on the seabird trip) *Diomedeidae: albatross (largest) *Procellariidae: shearwaters (medium sized) *Hydobatidae: storm petrels (tiny)

  10. Note “tube nose” Leach’s Storm Petrel, B.C.

  11. Northern Fulmars feeding at upwelling, arctic Canada

  12. Shearwater Albatross Peter LaTourrette http://www.birdphotography.com

  13. FULL-WEBBED SWIMMERS, HERONS & ALLIES White Pelican, B.C

  14. *ORDER PELECANIFORMES — Full-webbed Swimmers (Pelicans and allies), herons, ibis — 9 families; 159 species Range: worldwide oceans and lakes Morphology/ecology: large fish-eating birds; totipalmate feet (webs connect all four toes); bare distendible gular pouch; some capture fish by aerial diving (bobbies, pelicans) other by swimming (cormorants) Behavior: chicks are altricial (naked and blind; baby pelicans are ugly!) except for tropicbirds; some white pelicans fish cooperatively by forming a net of birds Other notes: cormorants used by people in Asia to catch fish Taxonomic notes: two familys formerly with storks (herons, ibis) have been moved here Important families: *Pelicanidae: pelicans - huge pouched beaks for fishing *Phalacrocoracidae: cormorants - catch fish swimming under water *Sulidae: boobies - dive to catch fish *Fregatidae: frigatebirds - pirates that steal food from other birds *Ardeidae: herons - long necked marsh birds *Threskiornithidae: ibis & spoonbills - marsh birds with interesting beaks

  15. Family Pelicanidae: pelicans Peter LaTourrette http://www.birdphotography.com Social foraging in White Pelicans

  16. baby pelicans are ugly!

  17. Family Phalacrocoracidae: cormorants Double-crested Cormorant, Quebec

  18. Family Sulidae: boobies Northern Gannet, Quebec

  19. Family Fregatidae: frigatebirds Magnificent Frigatebird, Mexico

  20. VIREO PHOTO

  21. HERONS, BITTERNS, EGRETS Least Bittern, Quebec

  22. Family Ardeidae: herons, bitterns, egrets Great Blue Heron, B.C.

  23. Great Blue Heron colony

  24. Snowy Egret, Argentina

  25. American Bittern, Ontario

  26. Family Threskiornithidae: ibis & spoonbills Roseate Spoonbill, Argentina

  27. Straw-necked Ibis, Australia

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