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Institutionalizing Agroforestry for Accelerated Impact and Improved Livelihoods by Smallholder Farmers in Southern Africa A Proposed FANRPAN & World Agroforestry Centre Collaborative Project Olu Ajayi World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Presented at the FANRPAN Regional Policy Dialogue

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Outline

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  1. Institutionalizing Agroforestry for Accelerated Impact and Improved Livelihoods by Smallholder Farmers in Southern Africa A Proposed FANRPAN & World Agroforestry Centre Collaborative Project Olu Ajayi World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Presented at the FANRPAN Regional Policy Dialogue 4-7 Sept, 2007 Lusaka, Zambia

  2. Outline • Background: Phase I & II of Agroforestry R & D • New focus of agroforestry R & D in SA region • Goal and impact of proposed Project • Planned activities and expected outcomes

  3. Evolution of R&D on Agroforestry in Southern African Region Farmer innovations & constraints Suitability of technology in other sites Farmers’ modifications Adoption On-FarmResearch • Labour • Profitability • Grazing • Fire On-station Research 2nd generation issues e.g. pests Scaling up & out • 1st generation issues: • Species Screening • Management regimes Number of farmers involved • Seeds & germplasm • Targeting • Property rights- tenure • Policy • Diversification of options • M & E • Impacts on livelihood Late1980s Early1990s Mid 1990s 2005 Time >2000

  4. Agroforestry options being scaled up • Improved fallows • Non coppicing fallows • Coppicing fallows • Mixed fallows • Intercrops with sesbania and tephrosia etc • Mixed cropping with gliricidia • Integrated nutrient management (Fallows supplemented with fertilizer) • Biomass transfer • Rotational woodlots • Fodder banks • Indigenous fruit trees

  5. Marketing & processing Scaling up/out Capacity Building Germplasm Economics, Policies, institutions Scaling up of Agroforestry in Southern Africa Diversification of AF options

  6. Field with AF trees Continuous field

  7. Maize with fertilizer Maize in AFfield Water-stressed maize after 21 days of dry spell in Zambia January, 2003 Maize, no fert

  8. Financial profitability of maize production systems per hectare over a five-year cycle in Zambia (Grain yield only) • Figures are on one hectare basis, using prevailing costs & prices and an annual discount rate of 30%

  9. Value-Cost Ratio ($/$) of maize production systems in Zambia

  10. Lessons learnt • Solid evidence that agroforestry options are profitable and offer opportunities to enhance household food security andconservation of the natural resource base • Identified as a technological success in NRM (by the Science Council of the CGIAR) and an example of “success story in African agriculture” (IFPRI African Agriculture Success survey) • Technical characteristic & field performance of agroforestry are necessary and important but are not sufficient to guarantee their adoption by farmers. • Appropriate institutions, policies and incentive mechanisms are required to facilitate the adoption of agroforestry

  11. New Project focus • Mid Term Review recommendations: • Build on lessons learnt …but shift from direct implementation of scaling up of agroforestry • Increasing emphasis on policy and mainstreaming agroforestry into national and regional programmes • ICRAF’s science role/technical partner and knowledge brokerage • Identify a strategic sub-regional organization to lead the policy and mainstreaming of agroforestry in southern Africa (FANRPAN) • FANRPAN / ICRAF proposal

  12. Goal and Impact of the proposed Project • Overall Goal of Project • “increase the ability of smallholder farmers to diversify livelihood opportunities by producing sufficient food to feed their family, generating cash income, increasing the productivity of their farm and conserving their natural resources” • Project Impact: • By employing integrated agroforestry practices, at the end of four years of implementation of the Project, 250,000 additional farm families (1.25 million individuals) will achieve year-round food security by reducing the average food gap (number of months when food is unavailable) from four to zero. In addition, the annual income of 75% of participating families will increase from less than a dollar a day to a level 25% above the poverty line.

  13. Implementation of the proposed Project • Implementing Partners: • FANRPAN is Project Manager, with ICRAF’s support under a formal MOU, and participation from several national institutions • Implementation strategy:Emphasis on three key scaling up thrusts/approaches: • mainstream agroforestry into broader agricultural development policies in five project countries and at regional level • support appropriate extension delivery strategies by government, producer organizations, NGOs and the private sector; • train and empower implementation partners in the three ‘Chinyanja Triangle' countries. • Implementing locations: • Primarily Malawi, Mozambique, and Zambia; modest policy support in Tanzania and Zimbabwe; and policy mainstreaming at the SADC and COMESA levels. • Duration of Project: 4 years • Proposed Budget: Circa CAD $ 5.0 million

  14. Thank you

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