Chapter 13: The High M iddle A ges Section 2: Trade and Towns Grow

1. keymanWorld HistoryPeriod 5 Chapter 13:The High Middle AgesSection 2: Trade and Towns Grow

2. A. The Revival of Trade • Main idea: The development of trade fairs and trade centers created an interest in western European trade in the later Middle Ages.

3. A. The Revival of Trade • Trade at Home and Abroad • Fairs , were a place merchants could sell and exchange good. • Fairs grew up at key locations on trading routes which were often near rivers. • Fairs offered a safe setting for merchants to do business.

4. A. The Revival of Trade • Regional Trade Routes • Trade routes in the later Middle Ages centered on two regions , the northern region and southern region. • German trading companies joined together in the 1160s to form what would become the Hanseatic League. • Money-changers became bankers, the first ever in the medieval world.

5. B. The Growth of Towns • Main idea :The growth in trade was linked to the development of towns and cities, especially in northern Italy and its surrounding regions.

6. B. The Growth of Towns • Merchants and the New Middle Class • Merchants and craftspeople became burghers or free town citizens. • Before the year 1000, it has been estimated that 1,000 new towns developed in western Europe. • Merchants settled at important crossroads on trade routes.

7. B. The Growth of Towns • Establishing Guilds • Guilds set quality standards for products and service. • Guilds regulated, or controlled, competition between members with rules about working conditions and hours. • Guilds provided education and career training for its male members.

8. C. Plague and Social Upheaval • Main idea : In the fourteenth century ,western Europe suffered a series of disasters, in particular, the plague called The Black Death.

9. C. Plague and Social Upheaval • The Spread of the Plague • The fleas bit infected rats that traveled on merchant ships and bit humans on the ships or in the ports. • The Black Death was combination of four diseases. • Those who had black spots under there skin probably had bubonic plague.

10. C. Plague and Social Upheaval • Consequences of the Black Death • The population of entire villages died and many fields were not planted. • It became difficult to produce goods or obtain them because of the shortage of workers. • Because there were fewer workers, they were able to demand more wages and better working conditions for their labor.

11. D. Life and Culture • Main idea: The later Middle Ages witnessed such cultural achievements as the beginnings of universities and the development of literature.

12. D. Life and Culture • Philosophy , Education, and Literature • The first universities were founded in western Europe. • The most important philosopher during Middle Ages was St. Thomas Aquinas. A great admirer of the ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle, Aquinas wanted to unite classical, Christian , and, worldly knowledge into a single system of belief. • Universities became legally recognized institutions of educations.

13. D. Life and Culture • Two Medieval Writers • Dante Alighieri wrote in the vernacular, or the language spoken by the residents of Florence. • Dante is regarded as the father of Italian literature. The Divine Comedy, is often considered the most important Christian poem.