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Earth’s Oceans

Earth’s Oceans. Resolved: The United States federal government should substantially increase its non-military exploration and/or development of the Earth’s oceans. . Jon Voss Glenbrook South High School Topic Lecture at the California National Debate Institute – 23 June 2014.

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Earth’s Oceans

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  1. Earth’s Oceans Resolved: The United States federal government should substantially increase its non-military exploration and/or development of the Earth’s oceans. Jon Voss Glenbrook South High School Topic Lecture at the California National Debate Institute – 23 June 2014

  2. Part I: Background • Government-sponsored ocean exploration began in 1807 and has evolved over time. • 1950 – NASA and the evolution of the space program created a new perspective on oceans. • 1970 – the large number of ocean-interested organizations were grouped together under NOAA. • Minimal non-military development.

  3. Status Quo [1/4] • Federal ocean policy is all the actions related to exploration, development, and protection of the oceans. • The overall goal of ocean policy is sustainable development of the ocean. • The core assumption is that resource exploitation of the ocean is in the US national interest. • US oceans policy is highly fragmented – 27 federal agencies or departments have a role and there are over 140 laws governing ocean use.

  4. Status Quo [2/4] • Not much regulation… • Pollution • Toxic Spills • Marine Life • Overfishing • Acidification • Climate Change • More regulation now, but change occurs slowly.

  5. Status Quo [3/4] • The federal government can’t just increase development anywhere in the world – it’s limited by jurisdictional conflicts. • Local governments control the shoreline, state governments control land to 3 miles offshore, and the federal government controls between 3 and 200 miles. No nation can control the parts of the ocean beyond 200 miles of their territory.

  6. Status Quo [4/4] From the coast to 200 miles off the shoreline is known as the EEZ. • Most important part of the development part of the topic. • Only place the government has authority for development is the EEZ. Every country in the world has an EEZ – about one third of the world’s oceans are covered by EEZs.

  7. Who’s In Charge? • Tons of federal authority for ocean exploration and development. • 27 different agencies and sub-agencies. • Most relevant include NOAA, the DOI, and the Coast Guard • Jurisdictional conflicts.

  8. National Ocean Policy • Rolled out in 2010, Executive Action • Marine Planning • Coastal Communities • Fishing • Aquaculture • Agriculture • Offshore Renewable Energy • Offshore Oil & Natural Gas • Shipping & Ports • Meant to protect marine natural resources. • Big focus on regional action and protection.

  9. Part II: The Topic

  10. I: Defining the Topic • “substantially increase” • “its” • “non-military” ** • “exploration” ** • “development” ** • “Earth’s oceans” **

  11. II - Affirmatives on the Topic Exploration Affirmatives Development Affirmatives

  12. Exploration Affirmatives: Mechanisms -- Biodiscovery -- Underwater Mapping -- Marine Archaeology -- Study-based Approaches

  13. Exploration Affirmatives: Advantage Ground -- Climate Change -- General Sustainability Arguments -- Modeling -- US S&T Leadership

  14. Exploration Affirmatives • Exploration – fund it, do it. • Find “X” • Arctic Mapping • Not an all-inclusive list…

  15. Development Affirmatives • Generally, more diverse advantage ground. • They link to a greater diversity of disadvantages, but have much more room for innovation. • This is the area of the topic from where the new/tiny affirmatives will emerge. • Energy and Fish.

  16. Energy-side Affirmatives • Oil/gas drilling • Renewable energy affirmatives • Methane hydrates

  17. Fishing-side Affirmatives • Aquaculture • Fisheries Management • Pollution Regulation • Marine Protected Areas • Sub-Seabed Disposal

  18. Disadvantages on the Topic • Politics Disadvantages • Tradeoff / Agency / Jurisdiction DAs • Biodiversity / Pollution DAs • Sphere of Influence DAs • Market Confidence DAs

  19. Counterplans on the Topic • International Actor Counterplans • 50-States Counterplans • Private Actor Counterplans • Military Counterplans • “Do It On Land” Counterplans

  20. Critiques on the Topic The aff matters a lot… • Capitalism • Anthropocentrism • Management / Heidegger-style Ks • Deep Ecology / Social Ecology • Free Market Environmentalism

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