Optical Noise-Free Microphone ( ONFM )

1. Optical Noise-Free Microphone (ONFM) Eng. Zvika Katz Dr. Rami Aharoni Prof. Mordechai Segev, Technion Prof. Israel Cohen, Technion Ofer Pillar .

2. Overview • Optical microphone that filters out background noise • Small standoff implementation: mobile communication headsets professional applications • Large standoff implementation: directional hearing aids non-contact medical monitoring .

3. ONFM Technology A high-sensitivity, optical sensor for acoustic vibrations in the body, with background isolation Thus far focused on small standoff applications in the mobile communication markets: Blue-tooth head-sets, and cellular phones As well as high performance audio headsets .

4. Value Proposition Consumer:Speaking over mobile/ VoIP w/o background interference, and w/o disclosing location: • Be heard clearly in a noisy environment (outdoor, in a car, on the shop floor) • Conference calls that do not require muting • Working from home with children playing in background • Safe usage of a street café as an office • Improved voice recognition functions .

5. Professional: User can speak in a noisy environment without interference [“No boom Headset”]: Broadcasters on streets or in noisy sport events Heavy equipment operators Call service centers Aviation Factory floor Homeland security Military Value Proposition . 5

6. ONFM Concept .

7. ONFM – Performance • The optical sensor provides high background suppression (potentially >70dB, demonstrated >50dB) • Achieves high sensitivity (<<1nm); detects voice at different locations on head • Complement high-frequency components by either • Spectral augmentation – synthesizing hi-freq components from pre-recorded sound library • Signal fusion with standard microphone .

8. Blue-tooth Headset Eliminates monotonous, intermittent and abrupt noise Standard Set “Beep” Voice H. Clap ONFM . 8

9. ONFM – Prelim Demo Hand-clapping: fused sensor algo. essentially removes noise. Further development to enhance performance and evaluate spectral augmentation Output Input 2/4/08 . 9

10. Accomplishments • Small standoff ONFM concept demonstrated • Demo of high-fidelity, high-suppression of intermittent widebandnoise • Construction of small devices • Demo loose physical contact • Potentially compact, low cost, low power .

11. Patents Three patent applications Basic concept – favorable PCT search report, national phase Low-cost, small standoff device [IL, PCT] High performance large standoff device [IL, PCT] Additional patents in preparation Large standoff, speckle corrected device . 11

12. Potential Markets • High end Mobile phones • Headsets: mobile (or land line) phones (Bluetooth), VoIP, Gaming • Professional microphones: News Reporters, Sport commentary • Professional noise canceling headsets, Call centers, aviation, factory floor • Video Conferencing .

13. Other Potential Markets– large standoff • Directional hearing aids (allows hearing-aid users to discriminate between the voice of the person speaking to them and background conversations in a crowd) • Distant mics for Security camera’s . 13

14. Summary • Revolutionary opto-acoustic technology • Huge market potential • Demonstrated feasibility of concept • Technology suitable for mobile headsets and additional products for directional hearing aids and security applications .

15. Complex Nonlinear Opto-Fluidity Carmel Rotschild, and M. Segev Physics Department, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel D. N. Christodoulides College of Optics & Photonics-CREOL, University of Central Florida To be Submitted to Nature

16. Light Current opto-fluid technology microchip, which can continuously monitor sugar level of diabetes patients MicroCHIPS: micro-reservoirs which can be loaded with medication, implanted in the patient's body and administering the medication in a timed manner

17. Opto-fluidity state of the art D. Psaltis, S. R. Quake & C.Yang, NATURE, 442, 27 2006

18. Physical mechanism Light Optical force bend light Induced polarizability Distribute Dn Gradient force Distribute particles Drag transfer momentum from particles to fluid High index Highly transparent Nano-Particles Low index Highly transparent Liquid

19. Gradient Force a is the polarizability Motivation: Use light to control mechanical properties of fluidsHow? transfer momentum from light to fluid Absorption : Limits light propagation + thermal effect We have found a way to induce : strong force, and low mobility of particles,resulting High momentum transfer to liquid

20. Physical processesElectromagnetic gradient force Force per volume Force per particle N: particles density

21. Overview: Opto-Hydrostatics Light Optical force bend light Induced polarizability Distribute Dn Gradient force Particles Four-wave mixing in artificial Kerr Media P.W. Smith, A.Ashkin, and W.J. Tomlinson, Opt. Lett. , 6, 284 (1981) Self focusing in artificial Kerr media A.Ashkin, J.M. Dziedzic, and P.W. Smith, Opt. Lett. , 7, 276 (1982)

22. Physical mechanism Light Optical force bend light Induced polarizability Distribute Dn Gradient force Distribute particles Drag transfer momentum from particles to fluid High index Highly transparent Nano-Particles Low index Highly transparent Liquid

23. We have found a way to induce : strong optical force, and large drag of particles,resulting efficient momentum transfer to liquid

24. Quantum dots with ligands = “nano – medusa”structure Advantages: High index contrast Small core: Low scattering Long ligands: Low mobility (high drag)

25. Transfer angular momentum from the light to the liquid and back

27. Archimedes Pump: pulling liquid by light Pipette diameter: 0.7 mm

28. Archimedes Pump: Lifting liquid by light Intensity structure design for lifting

29. Optically induced surface tension Low power High power Low power High power

30. Light / surface interaction mm from Threshold distance Suggesting chaos: Spectrum expands in time

31. Future plans • Methodological experiments on • -Optically induced surface tension (Hydrostatic) • -Optically induced Dn (Hydrostatics) • -Material optimization • Theoretical model • Optically induced self assembly • Optical control over local chemical reactions • Turbulence / Laminar transient coupled • Optically induced transparency • to nonlinear optics

32. Optically induced catalysis A Functionalized CdSe Quantum Dot - Carbon Nanotube Heterostructure Stanislaus S. Wong

33. Optically controlled self-assembly Optical setup Spatial intensity distribution Self-assembly 2D 3D

34. Optically induced transparency losses =20% Propagation distance in mm Low power Low power mm losses =20% losses=97% losses=13% Propagation distance in mm Propagation distance in mm High power High power mm mm Polystyrene nano-suspensions Air bubbles nano-suspensions Propagation distance in mm mm R. El-Ganainy, C. Rotschild, M. Segev, and D. N. Christodoulides, Optics Express, 15, 10207(2007) ; Ibid, Opt. Lett., 32, 3185 (2007).

35. Conclusions First observation of symbiotic nonlinear dynamics of fluids and light acting together: complex nonlinear Opto-fluidity. • Challenges: • Theoretical model • Sub-wavelength features • Optically induced self assembly • Optical control over local chemical reactions • Turbulence / Laminar transient coupled • to nonlinear optics Thank you