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Sex Offenders

Sex Offenders. Sex Offenders… . Contact Offenders – male victims Contact Offenders – female victims Non-contact Offenders – paraphilia Rapists Child molesters Hebephiles ??. Hierarchy of risk. Exhibitionists, non-contact offenders Male victims – child Female victims – child Rapists

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Sex Offenders

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  1. Sex Offenders

  2. Sex Offenders… • Contact Offenders – male victims • Contact Offenders – female victims • Non-contact Offenders – paraphilia • Rapists • Child molesters • Hebephiles??

  3. Hierarchy of risk • Exhibitionists, non-contact offenders • Male victims – child • Female victims – child • Rapists • Incest Offenders

  4. Victim Grooming • What is grooming? • How sex offenders manipulate their victims • They will rarely admit to manipulation but will discuss grooming in slightly more detail • Seemingly unimportant decisions • Work their way from A to B to C

  5. Sexual risk factors • Sexual preoccupation • Sexual deviance • Using sex to cope with negative emotions • How does pornography contribute to these risk factors?

  6. Why are incest offenders less likely to recidivate? • Why are exhibitionists more likely to recidivate?

  7. Child Porn Offenders • We are just starting to get to know them • Majority appear to be different • Less antisocial • More deviant • A smaller percentage are active pedophiles • Remember images of people 18 years and under • We will learn more about them over time…

  8. Child Pornography • Easier to find online now • Look for collections, chats with other pedophiles about children, live abuse of children • Use of non-Internet computer realms • Are they paying money for porn? • Are they offending so that they have better trade materials? • Trauma of viewing child pornography for authority figures – ICE team (RCMP)

  9. Risk Assessment • Biggest role for mental health professionals and criminal justice workers • How likely are they to reoffend? • Static risk factors - Actuarial measures (STATIC-99R) • Dynamic risk factors - Structured Clinical Judgment (STABLE 2007, RSVP, SVR-20)

  10. STATIC-99R • Age at release • Lived with lover 2 years + • Index of non sexual violence • History of non-sexual violence • Prior sex offenses (charges and convictions) • Prior sentencing dates • Non-contact offenses • Unrelated victims, Stranger victims, Male victims

  11. STABLE-2007 • Social influences (negative peers) • Relationship stability • Emotional identification with children • Hostility toward women • Social rejection • Lack of concern for others • Impulsive • Poor problem solving skills • Negative emotionality • Sex drive, sexual preoccupation • Sex as coping • Deviant sexual preference • Cooperation with supervision

  12. Sexual deviance assessments • Remember risk increases with PSYCHOPATHY + SEXUAL DEVIANCE • Penile Plethysmograph (ppg) • Able screen • Sexual interests questionnaires • Mostly look at sexual history, masturbatory patterns

  13. Sex Offender Treatment • Treatment does reduce risk of recidivism • Lots of controversy, previous studies had no effect • Newer studies show treatment effect • Responsivity factors! • Risk relevant treatment levels!

  14. Typical Treatment program • Thinking patterns • Relationship patterns • Emotional management skills • Sexuality (sex as coping, sexual preoccupation, sexual deviancy, sexual consent) • Risk identification • Crime cycle • Safety planning • Empathy training? Victim consequences?

  15. Biological Treatments • Surgical Castration • Chemical Castration – Medication • Depends on taking meds • Lots of significant side effects • Need for routine medical follow up • Little empirical evidence that it really works to combat recidivism because they refuse to take it or do not continue it Antidepressant Medications (SSRI’s) • Deals with obsessive thinking about sex • Reduces sexual fantasies as a side effect of those medications

  16. Masturbatory Interventions • Abstinence • Changing sexual fantasy at time of orgasm – Masturbatory Reconditioning • Changing sexual fantasy after orgasm to make use of refractory period (unpleasant sensation) • Carefully tracking fantasies, use of masturbation, feelings prior to masturbation • Building in negative fantasies (consequences into deviant fantasy scenarios)

  17. Problems • Deniers – I didn’t do it • Personality Disorders – I won’t change much • Sadists – I really like hurting others • Psychopathy – It’s about me • Cognitively impaired offenders – I don’t understand

  18. Female Sex Offenders • They exist • They more likely go after male victims • They have a childhood history of abuse and family violence • They suffer from mental illness or mental retardation • They can act alone

  19. Sex Offenders • Questions??

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