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Divisions of the Nervous System

Divisions of the Nervous System. Autonomic Nervous System. Sympathetic NS “Arouses” (fight-or-flight) Parasympathetic NS “Calms” (rest and digest). The Endocrine System!. The Endocrine System.

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Divisions of the Nervous System

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  1. Divisions of the Nervous System

  2. Autonomic Nervous System Sympathetic NS “Arouses” (fight-or-flight) Parasympathetic NS “Calms” (rest and digest)

  3. The Endocrine System!

  4. The Endocrine System Endocrine System is the body’s “slow” chemical communication system. Communication is carried out by hormones synthesized by a set of glands. Hormones Neurotransmitters

  5. The Endocrine System

  6. How Hormones Affect Your Behavior • Growth of bodily structures such as muscles and bones, differences between males and females • Metabolism • Energy levels • Preparing the body for stressful situations • Mood

  7. The Endocrine Glands • Pituitary Gland • “Master Gland” • Located near the midbrain • Controlled by the hypothalamus • Secretes hormones which control the output of hormones by other endocrine glands • Monitors hormone levels to prevent imbalances

  8. The Endocrine Glands • Thyroid Gland • Located in the neck • Secretes thyroxine

  9. Thyroid Gland Abnormalities • Hypothyroidism: too little thyroxine • Hyperthyroidism: too much thyroxine • Thyroid Cancer • Goiter

  10. The Endocrine Glands • Thymus Gland • Involved in immunity • Adrenal Glands • Become active when a person is angry or frightened • Norepinephrine • Epinephrine

  11. The Endocrine Glands • Pancreas • Regulates sugar metabolism and makes insulin • Diabetes caused by too much insulin or too little insulin

  12. The Endocrine Glands • Sex Glands • Ovaries (estrogen/progesterone) • Testes (testosterone)

  13. Hormones v. Neurotransmitters • When a chemical is released as a neurotransmitter, it is released right beside the cell that it is to excite or inhibit • When a chemical is used as a hormone, it is released into the blood, which diffuses it throughout the body. • Neural messages can be measured in thousandths of a second • Hormones may take minutes to reach their destination, and weeks or months to have their total effect.

  14. Scenario 1 • You suddenly realize that a scary man is chasing you, trying to harm you. Explain what happens in your body from the moment you see the man until you are finally in a safe place. Use what you know about the neurons, the nervous system, and the endocrine system, using as many vocabulary terms as possible.

  15. Scenario 2 • Teresa has just joined the track and field team at school. Practice begins right after school, and Teresa’s usual habit is to have a big PB&J sandwich as soon as school is over. According to what you know about the autonomic nervous system, should Teresa continue with this habit and eat just before going to practice? Why or why not?

  16. Scenario 3 • Zaine’s mother practice yoga, and she often encourages Zaine to join her. On the day of exams, Zaine usually awakens feeling anxious. By the time he gets to school, his mouth is dry, his hands are sweaty, and he has the sensation that he needs to urinate, although his bladder isn’t full. Zaine’s mom advises him to practice yoga before going to school on those mornings. Given what you know about yoga and the autonomic nervous system, is this good advice? Why or why not.

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