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31 and BEYOND

31 and BEYOND. *Transmutation is the changing of one element to another by nuclear reaction. *See example 31-1 p944. 31-2 Nuclear Fission. *Nuclear fission is the splitting of a large nucleus into 2 or more smaller nuclei. See diagram page 948

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31 and BEYOND

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  1. 31 and BEYOND *Transmutation is the changing of one element to another by nuclear reaction. *See example 31-1 p944

  2. 31-2 Nuclear Fission *Nuclear fission is the splitting of a large nucleus into 2 or more smaller nuclei. See diagram page 948 *A chain reaction is a sustainable nuclear reaction… the amount of fissionable material required for a sustained reaction is called the critical mass. A substance known as the moderator must be used, in a reactor, to slow down the neutrons… hydrogen or heavy hydrogen are used as part of water. The core, of a reactor contains the enriched fuel and the moderator. (fuel usually 2-4% Uranium 235)

  3. 31-3 Fusion • Nuclear fusion is the fusing together of 2 smaller nuclei to obtain one larger nucleus. • See Example 31-5

  4. 31-4 Passage of Radiation Through Matter: Radiation Damage • a, B, g, and x-rays are types of radiation. • They are referred to as ionizing radiation. • DNA damage is the worst type of damage for biological organisms.

  5. 31-5 Measurement of Radiation--Dosimetry • Source activity is measured as disintegrations per second … the traditional unit is the Curie or Ci 1 Ci= 3.70x1010 disintegrations /sec • 1Bq = 1 disintegrations /sec • The SI unit for dose the the gray (Gy) • 1Gy = 1J/kg= 100 rad

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