Chuck Durham Industrial Hygienist durc235@lni.wa

1. Confined Space Hazard AwarenessWAC 296-809 Chuck Durham Industrial Hygienist durc235@lni.wa.gov

2. Objectives • What is a Confined Space • Confined Space Hazards • Do’s and Don’ts • Controlling hazards

3. NIOSH “FACE” Study For confined space fatal incidents: • Locations types include: • 31% tanks, 26% vats/pits, and 27% sewers • 36% involved multiple victims • 79% hazardous atmospheres • 43% had oxygen deficient atmospheres • 29% had toxic atmospheres • 7% had flammable atmospheres • 21% involved physical hazards

4. What is The Definition of a Confined SpaceWAC 296-809-100

5. A Confined Space Is a space that is all of the following: • Large enough for the whole body to enter and work, and • Has limited or restricted means for entry or exit, and • Is not designed for continuous employee occupancy

6. Non-Permit Confined SpaceWAC 296-809-20002 Is a confined space that does not contain actual hazards or potential hazards capable of causing death or serious physical harm.

7. Hazards found Within Confined Space s Contains or has a potential to contain a hazardous atmosphere, toxic gases, fumes and vapors Contains a material with potential for engulfing or causing asphyxiation Internal configuration that could allow someone entering to be trapped by inwardly converging walls or by a floor which slopes downward and tapers to a smaller cross-section Contains any physical hazard such electrical or mechanical or any other recognized serious safety and health hazard.

8. Silos Grain bins Well shafts Chemical tanks Cold storage rooms Hopper rail cars Truck tanks Sewers Confined Spaces That You May Be Familiar With

9. Do’s and Don’ts Evaluate the worksite for confined spaces Develop a written program Train employees Provide safety equipment Test the atmosphere if necessary

10. Confined Space Don’ts Don’t enter unless you have to Don’t enter without a permit Don’t enter without proper PPE Don’t enter without proper training Don’t operate in or around confined spaces with equipment that could cause sparks

11. Controlling Hazards In Permit-Required Confined Space Post warning signs at the entrance of confined spaces. Limit employee access to confined spaces by using entry barriers or locks. Make sure that unauthorized workers do not enter the confined space.

12. Controlling Hazards (cont). Written program Complete a permit for each entry Extensive employee training Employee assigned duties

13. Controls (cont.) Drain or pump out liquid contents, if any. Blank off all in-feeding lines. Air test and ventilate. Continue ventilating constantly. If possible, remove any sludge deteriorate from inside the confined space. Exit space if conditions change

14. Entry Permit Describes each individual’s roles and responsibilities, Specifies safety equipment and respiratory protection, Tells how long the job will take, States hazards found in the space includes atmospheric monitoring.

15. TrainingWAC 296-809-400 Before first assigned duty Before any changes in assigned duty Whenever there is a change in the PRCS Any deviations from the PRCS procedures Inadequacies in employee’s knowledge or use of procedures Annually for rescue team members

16. Rescue and Emergency ServicesWAC 296-809-50014

17. Rescue and Emergency Service Non-Entry rescue is preferred • Arrange for rescue service from an outside source. • Arrange for your own employees to provide rescue. • Provide for non-entry rescue.

18. Rescue Training and Practice

19. Rescue Equipment

20. Where do I go to find additional information? • http://www.lni.wa.gov/wisha/rules/confinedspace • www.cdc.gov/niosh • www.osha.gov/

21. DOSH Consultation • Safety & health program review and worksite evaluation • Free • Confidential • By employer invitation only • No citations • No penalties • Letter explains findings • Follow-up all serious hazards • Risk Management assistance • Workshops, classes & video library

22. Questions