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An information state approach to natural interactive dialogue

An information state approach to natural interactive dialogue. Staffan Larsson, Robin Cooper Department of linguistics G ö teborg University, Sweden. The information state approach. Information states represent information available to dialogue participants, at any given stage of the dialogue

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An information state approach to natural interactive dialogue

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  1. An information state approach to natural interactive dialogue Staffan Larsson, Robin Cooper Department of linguistics Göteborg University, Sweden

  2. The information state approach • Information states represent information available to dialogue participants, at any given stage of the dialogue • Dialogue moves trigger information state updates, formalised as information state update rules • TRINDIKIT: software package for implementing dialogue systems

  3. GoDiS – a dialogue system • Implemented using the TRINDIKIT • Adapted for information-seeking dialogue, menu-based dialogue, and instructional dialogue

  4. Information state in GoDiS • Based on Ginzburgs notion of QUD (Questions Under Discussion): a partially ordered set of questions which have been raised and are under discussion • Before an answer can be integrated by the system, it must be matched to a question on QUD • Includes dialogue plan

  5. Information-seeking dialogue • User needs to give information which enables the system to perform its task (booking a ticket, providing price information etc.) • Typical dialogue system behaviour: user must give information in the order determined by the system questions

  6. Typical human-computer dialog • S: Where do you want to go? • U: Paris • S: How dou you want to travel? • U: A flight please • S: When do you want to travel • U: April • S: what class did you have in mind? • … • S: The price is $123

  7. Dialogue plans for information-seeking dialogue • Ask how user wants to travel • Ask where user wants to go to • Ask where user wants to travel from • Ask when user wants to travel • … • Lookup database • Tell user the price

  8. Typical human-human dialogue • S: hi • U: flights to paris • S: when do you want to travel? • U: april, as cheap as possible • S:

  9. Accommodation • Lewis (1979): If someone says something at t which requires X to be in the conversational scoreboard, and X is not in the scoreboard at t, then (under certain conditions) X will become part of the scoreboard at t • Has been applied to referents and propositions

  10. Question accommodation • If questions are part of the information state, they too can be accommodated • Information state update rule for Question accommodation: • If the latest move was an answer, and there is an action in the plan to ask a matching question, put that question on QUD

  11. Question accommodation in information-seeking dialogue • S: hi • U: flights to paris • (system finds plan containing appropriate questions, and loads it into the plan field in the information state) • (system accommodates questions: how does user want to travel + where does user want to go, and integrates the answers “flight” and “to paris”) • (system proceeds to next question on plan) • S: when do you want to travel?

  12. Menus vs. dialogue • Menu-driven interaction is ubiquitous: automated cinema ticket booking (DMTS?), mobile phones, computers, video recorders… • Often tedious and frustrating; hard to find what you want; inflexible • Can be straightforwardly implemented as dialogue systems, but you still have to descend the menu structure one node at a time

  13. Typical menu-based dialogue • S: What do you want to do? • U: Search the phonebook? • S: What name do you want to search for? • U: John • S: John’s number is 0312345566. Do you want to call John? • U: Yes • S: Calling John.

  14. Question accommodation in menu-based dialogue • U: John • S: John’s number is 0312345566. Do you want to call John? • U: Yes • S: Calling John.

  15. From manuals to instructional dialogue

  16. From manual to dialogue plan

  17. Advantages of dialogue mode for manuals

  18. From menus to dialogue plans • Plan for searching phonebook: “What name do you want to look up?” “Do you want to call N?” Does user want to call Call N

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