ฟิสิกส์บรรยากาศ

1. ฟิสิกส์บรรยากาศ

2. หลักสูตรเจ้าหน้าที่เทคนิคข่าวอากาศหลักสูตรเจ้าหน้าที่เทคนิคข่าวอากาศ หมวดวิชาที่ ๑ ทฤษฏีอุตุนิยมวิทยา ฟิสิกส์บรรยากาศ Atmospheric Physics (Lecture 12 hrs)

3. Evaluation 1. Class Attention 10 points 2. Home Work 15 questions 30 points 3. Multiple choice 60 question 60 points Total 100 points

14. Earth Rotation and Revolution Earth rotation the North Pole the rotation appears to move in a counter- clockwise, the South Pole the Earth’s rotation appears clockwise. • daily cycles of day and night • apparent movement of the Sun across the horizon • takes exactly twenty-four hours

15. Earth revolution • responsible for the Earth’s seasons(1 year) • Earth is farthest from the Sun on July 4, or aphelion (152.1 million km) • On January 3, perihelion, the Earth is closest to the Sun (147.3 million km)

22. TEMPERATE POLAR TROPIC

23. Atmospheric Processes Interactions - Atmosphere and Ocean

24. Energy Heat Transfer

25. Energy is transferred between the earth's surface and the atmosphere via conduction, convection, and radiation. Conductionis the process by which heat energy is transmitted through contact with neighboring molecules.

26. Convectiontransmits heat by transporting groups of molecules from place to place within a substance. Convection occurs in fluids such as water and air, which move freely. Radiation is the transfer of heat energy without the involvement of a physical substance in the transmission. Radiation can transmit heat through a vacuum.

33. Energy Interactions with the Atmosphere and at the Surface Solar and Terrestrial Radiation Solar radiation emr emitted from sun which passes through the atmosphere and is reflected in varying degrees by Earth's surface and atmosphere detectable only during daylight

37. Sun's visible surface (photosphere) has temperature - 6000K energy radiated from gamma to radio waves 99% of sun's radiation fall between 0.2 - 5.6um; 80% - 0.4 - 1.5um (visible and reflected infrared, atmosphere quite transparent to incoming solar radiation maximum radiation occurs 0.48um (visible)

38. Terrestrial radiation energy emitted from the Earth and atmosphere detectable both day and night

39. Earth's ambient temperature - 300K Earth radiates 160,000 times less than the sun essentially all energy is radiated at (invisible) thermal infrared wavelengths between 4-25um maximum emission occurs at 9.7um

40. Radiation-Matter Interactions

41. Albedo • Fraction of total radiation reflected by an object (surface). • Varies according to: • Cloud cover. • Particles in air. • Angle of sun’s rays. • Types of surface.

44. Radiation Balance Incoming solar radiation = Outgoing longwave radiation 100 = 35 (reflected - albedo) + 65 (terrestrial emitted

46. Global Solar Radiation Budget • Reflected 31% • Absorbed by atmosphere 20% • Absorbed by Earth’s surface 49% • Earth’s climate is controlled by a Greenhouse Effect • Gases in the atmosphere control this effect • H2Ovapor, CO2, O3, CH4, N2O • The percent of IR radiation absorbed varies with l • An Atmospheric Window is a range of l over which little or no radiation is absorbed • A visible window extends 0.3-0.9mm and major IR 8-13 mm, the peak IR emission of the planet is at 10mm

47. Greenhouse Gases • CO2 is stored in four reservoirs: three that are active and one inactive reservoir including • the atmosphere, • the oceans, • the terrestrial system • Earth’s crust • Most CO2 is stored in the oceans while the smallest amount is found in the atmosphere. • Short-wavelength incoming radiation is not blocked by CO2, but re-radiated long-wavelength energy is, and this warms the atmosphere causing the greenhouse effect

48. Absorptivity is very low or near zero in atmospheric window

50. Sensible heat is heat energy transferred between the surface and air when there is a difference in temperature between them. A change in temperature over distance is called a "temperature gradient". Latent Heat is heat energy is added to water it will change states or phase as it does not raise the temperature of molecules.