International & Foreign Law Source Collecting: Some Research Tips

1. International & Foreign LawSource Collecting:Some Research Tips Marci Hoffman September 2013 mhoffman@law.berkeley.edu Where to find me: Law Library LL 164 Tuesdays & Thursdays, reference desk, 5-6 (usually)

2. Overview • Getting Started • Some General Sources • Step 1: Review Sources • Step 2: Abbreviations • Step 3: International Legal Sources • Step 4: Foreign Legal Sources • Step 5: Books and Journal Articles • Step 6: Electronic Sources • Step 7: Newspaper Articles • Step 8: Copying/Downloading

3. Getting Started • What you need: • The text of the article • Source collection list • A bit of time and patience • Keep track of what you have done • Why do I need the article • Decipher the jurisdiction of a source being cited • Put the source in context • Take a few moments to review materials from this training!

4. Reading Citations Basics of citation: [volume number] abbreviation of source [page number] Journal article: Philippe Sands, Searching for Balance: Concluding Remarks, 11 N.Y.U. ENVTL. L.J. 198, 202 (2002) author’s name, title of article, [volume number] abbreviation of journal [page on which article begins] [page that contains cited information] (year of publication) Treaty:Protocol to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, Mar. 20, 1952, 213 U.N.T.S. 262 name of treaty, date of signing, [volume number] abbreviation of source [first page of the treaty] The Bluebook is sometimes helpful on how to read citations.

5. General Sources • Library’s website, see Student Resources • International & Foreign Law Source Collecting • LawCat • OskiCat (UCB libraries only, no law) • Melvyl (UC system-wide, not all law records) • WorldCat (good for determining the existence of a source) • Research Guides • Databases (UCB only) • Access to subscription databases • off-campus

6. LawCat contains records for the books and journals available in our library. Always start here first. Sally Engle Merry, Human Rights and Gender Violence: Translating International Law Into Local Justice 1 (2006) . There is a record for the print and the electronic.

7. LawCat Some records in LawCat say “Request to Retrieve.” These items are still available, but you must request the item. You can do this from the record.

8. Request to Retrieve

9. Step 1: Review Sources • Primary Sources • Treaties and international agreements • Foreign law • International case law • Documents from IGOs • Secondary Sources • Books • Articles • Reports • Newspaper articles • Other sources

10. Step 2: Abbreviations • Cardiff Index to Legal Abbreviations • Bieber’s Dictionary [in print] • The Bluebook (19th ed. 2010) [in print] • Help decipher abbreviations • Use Index and Tables • Guide to Foreign and International Legal Citations (2nd ed.) [in print] • Noble’s International Guide to Law Reports [in print] • World Dictionary of Legal Abbreviations [in print] • International Citation Manual

11. Bluebook Index

12. T13 Periodicals

13. Step 3: International Sources • Treaties & International Agreements • Flare Index to Treaties • Frequently-Cited Treaties & Other International Instruments • Citations already in BB format • UN Treaties on HeinOnline (UCB only) • Note: treaty, agreement, protocol, MOU, convention, accord, covenant  treaties • See Table 4 of The Bluebook

15. Example: Treaty • Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction, Oct. 25, 1980, T.I.A.S. No. 11670, 1343 U.N.T.S. 89 (“Hague Child Abduction Convention”). • Where to find it: • HeinOnline (UCB only) • UN Law Collection for U.N.T.S. citation • 1343 is the volume • 89 is the page • Treaties & Agreements Library for T.I.A.S. • Go to TIAS Agreements and locate by the number 11670 • For more assistance with treaty research, see UN Treaties: Boalt Research Guide.

16. Step 3: International Sources • United Nations Documents (U.N. Doc.) • UN Documentation Centre • Official Document Service (ODS) • UNBISnet • See rule 21.7 and Table 3 of The Bluebook for help deciphering UN abbreviations.

18. Example: UN Resolution • United Nations, Resolution adopted by the General Assembly. The right to development. A/RES/54/175 (2000) • Several ways to locate this document: • UN Documents • UNBISnet (look by by UN document number) • ODS • For more help with UN Documents, see The United Nations: Boalt Research Guide.

19. Step 3: International Law • European Union Materials • Eur-LexEuropean Court of Justice • Lexis (not Advance) • Westlaw • See rule 21.8.2 and Table 3 of The Bluebook for help deciphering EU material.

21. Example: EU Law • Council Regulation 1466/97 of 7 July 1997 on the Strengthening of the Surveillance of Budgetary Positions and the Surveillance and Coordination of Economic Policies, 1997 O.J. (L 209) 1 • Eur-Lex • O.J. is the Official Journal and L means it’s in the Legislation seriesand C means it’s in the Communication series – both are available on Eur-Lex • Lexis (not Advance) • Westlaw

22. Step 3: International Law • International Case Law • Sources vary, but start w/ court or tribunal’s website • PCIJ, ICJ, ECHR, ECJ, ICSID, … • International Law Reports (UCB only) (cited as ILR) • Oxford Reports on International Law (UCB only) • International Courts & Tribunals Library • Many reporters available in print

23. Example: ICJ Decision • Case Concerning Kasikili/Sedudu Island (Botswana v. Namibia), Dissenting Opinion of Judge Parra-Aranguren, 1999 ICJ Rep. 1208, 1213, para. 16 (Dec. 13) • This is a case from the International Court of Justice • Official reports are in print: KZ214.I58 • HeinOnline (UCB only) • ICJ website • Look under “all cases” or “contentious cases” and search for the case 1999 is the year the case was decided and so the case won’t be listed under that year. • Site also contains PCIJ.

24. Example: European Court of Human Rights • ECtHR, Schalk and Kopf v. Austria, Appl. No. 30141/04, 24 June 2010, § 55  • This is the European Court of Human Rights • HUDOC • Choose “Advanced Search” and search by the application number. • Separate opinions, both dissenting and concurring, are annexed to the judgment (are at the end of the judgment document).

25. Example: European Court of Justice • Case C-370/12, Pringle v. Gov’t of Ireland, judgment of 27 November 2012 • From the context of the article, this is a European Court of Justice case. • Court’s website • Search by the case number: C-370/12

26. International Commercial Arbitration While there are a variety of print and electronic sources for awards, not all of them are published due to confidentiality issues • Kluwer Arbitration (UCB only) • Investment Claims (UCB only) • Investment Treaty Arbitration • ICSID Cases • Oxford Reports on International Law (UCB only)

27. Example: ICSID Decision • Quiborax S.A., Non Metallic Minerals S.A. and Allan Fosk Kaplun v. Plurinational State of Bolivia, ICSID Case No. ARB/06/2, Decision on Jurisdiction, 27 September 2012, at paras 211-217 • ICSID website • Investment Claims (UCB only)  • Hint: names of cases and case numbers may not always be correct; so if one does not work, try the other • For more sources for arbitration decisions, see International Commercial Arbitration: Boalt Research Guide.

28. Step 4: Foreign Law Sources • Foreign Law Guide (UCB only) • Country by Country Guide to Foreign Law Research • Other databases • Websites • WorldLII • CANLII • AUSTLII • Table 2 of The Bluebook provides useful information on web resources by country.

29. Example: Foreign Constitution • Const. Fr., Art. 54 • World Constitutions Illustrated (UCB only) • Constitutions of the Countries of the World (UCB only)

30. Example: Foreign Court Decision • Fr. Cons. C., Décision number 2012-653 DC, judgment of 9 August 2012 • Locate the decision in French • Legifrance • Search by the decision number • Decisions from non-US courts are usually not translated into English. • The best source for recent cases is usually the court’s website. In some cases, the best source will be in print only.

31. Example: Foreign Court Decision • Halpern v. Canada (Attorney General) 2003 CanLII 26403 (ON CA), § 91 • CANLII is a website for Canadian law • Search by the citation: 2003 CanLII 26403 • See Table 2 of The Bluebook for help with citations from foreign jurisdictions.

32. France Canada

33. Examples: Foreign Laws • Gesetz zur Anderung des Grundgesetz (Artikel 91c, 91d, 104b, 109, 109a, 115, 143d), BGBl. I S. 2248 (Nr. 48), 29 July 2009 • Reforma del artículo 135 de la Constitución Española, B.O.E. n. 233, 27 November 2011 • Both of these citations are referring to the official gazettes for each country. • Use Country by Country Guide to Foreign Law Research to locate official gazettes.

34. Step 5 : Books & Articles • Books • LawCat (Law Library only) • OskiCat (UCB libraries, except Law Library) • Melvyl (UC libraries, but not accurate for Law Library) • Book Chapter • Holning Lau, “Rewriting Schalk and Kopf: shifting the locus of deference”, in E. Brems (ed.), Diversity and European Human Rights, 243, 251 (2012) • Clue is “in” • Search LawCat for the title of the book: Diversity and European Human Rights

35. Books Example • Discrimination on grounds of sexual orientation and gender identity in Europe, Strasbourg, Council of Europe Publishing, June 2011, pp. 91 et seq • Search LawCat by title: Discrimination on grounds… • Peter Rogers & Susan Leal, Running Out of Water: The Looming Crisis and Solutions to Conserve our Most Precious Resource 124 (2010) • LawCat: you can start here by doing a title search but probably not in our collection; search title using: • OskiCat • All UC Libraries (Melvyl)

37. Step 5: Articles • Law Journal Databases • LegalTrac (also on LX and WL as “Legal Resources Index”) • Index to Legal Periodicals • HeinOnline • E-Journal Titles A-Z • Great for non-law journals • Lexis & Westlaw • Many journals are not on LX or WL, especially non-law. • Locate the title of the journal by using source directories or indexes.

40. Type title of the journal

42. Type title of the journal

43. Examples: Articles • Philippe Kirsch, Canadian Practice in International Law, 35 CAN. Y.B. INT’L L. 349, 372 (1997) • Search LawCat for title: Canadian Yearbook of International Law • Darren E. Sherkat, KylanMattias de Vries, and Stacia Creek, Race, Religion, and Opposition to Same-Sex Marriage, 91 SOC. SCI. Q. 80, 82 (2010) • E-Journal Titles A-Z: Social Science Quarterly • OskiCat: Social Science Quarterly

44. Examples: Other Sources • Jan Wouters & Thomas Ramopoulos, Time to Reconsider Status: The IMF, the EU, the Euroarea and its Soverign Debt Crisis (2013) (unpublished manuscript on file with the author) • Don’t waste your time trying to look for this item; go back to your editor • R. Holzhacker, “Transnationalization of Civil Society Organizations Striving for Equality: Goals and Strategies of Gay and Lesbian Groups in Italy and the Netherlands and the Netherlands”, EUI working paper, RSCAS, 2007/36 • Google search for the name of the working paper or search for the collection “EUI working papers”

45. Other steps • Step 6: Electronic sources • Consider the source -- use best electronic source available • Step 7: Newspaper articles • LexisNexis • Westlaw • Other databases • Web • Step 6: Copying (scanning & downloading) • Title pages • Page numbers • Note: You can scan for free at other campus libraries, but you need to store on USB

46. Other Tips • Many sources are not: • available in English • available electronically • Use The Bluebook as a guide • follow the examples • Google is just one tool – not the only tool • Use the Advanced Search option on Google • The “search within a site or domain” can be very useful when a site has a limited search mechanism. You can also limit searches to .org or some other generic extension • If working with materials in other languages, use Google in that language • Ask the librarians for help!

47. Google Advanced Search