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The Comma

The Comma. Paraphrased from Warriner’s English Grammar and Composition, Fifth Course. Use commas to separate items in a series. Ex: the guidance counselor recommended that I take English , algebra , chemistry , and French .

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The Comma

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  1. The Comma Paraphrased from Warriner’s English Grammar and Composition, Fifth Course

  2. Use commas to separate items in a series • Ex: the guidance counselor recommended that I take English, algebra,chemistry, and French. • Ex: Will you spend your vacation in the mountains, on the lake, or at the shore?

  3. Use commas to separate two or more adjectives that modify the same noun • Ex: She is a young, dynamic, and creative woman.

  4. Use a comma before and, but, or, nor, for, yet when they join independent clauses. • Ex: We subscribe to seven magazines, and I find it impossible to read each one every month. • Ex: Mr. Ballin is a popular teacher, for he is known to be fair,and he has a sense of humor.

  5. Use commas to set off nonessential clauses and nonessential participial phrases. • Ex: Margaret Mead, who is a disciple of Ruth Benedict, is a noted anthropologist.

  6. Use a comma after certain introductory elements. • After words such as well, yes, no, why, etc when they begin a sentence • Ex: Why,I can’t believe it! • Ex: No, it’s impossible to leave now. • Ex: Well, I will think it over. • Ex: Yes,I can join you tomorrow. • After an introductory participial phrase • Ex: Struck by lightening, the ancient oak tree crashed to the ground. • After a succession of introductory prepositional phrases • Ex: During the first half of our trip down the Mississippi, all five of us were seasick. • After an introductory adverb clause • Ex: Because the magazine sometimes contains clever satires and parodies,we sometimes read it in English class.

  7. Use commas to set off expressions that interrupt the sentence. • Appositives ( a word – with or without modifiers - that follows a noun or pronoun and identifies it or explains it.) • Ex: Have you met Mr. Lauro, our new Spanish teacher? • Words in direct address • Ex: Helen, did you hear what I said? • Ex: I know,Ramon,that you will do well. • Ex: What is your chief complaint,children?

  8. Parenthetical expressionsA word or phrase that may serve as explanation or qualification, but does not affect the grammatical construction of the sentence. • After all • As a matter of fact • By the way • Consequently • For example • However • I believe/hope/think • Incidentally • In fact • In the first place • Naturally • Nevertheless • On the other hand • therefore • Ex: As a matter of fact, I was just going to call you. • Ex: That is,of course,only one option.

  9. Use a comma in certain conventional situations. • To separate items in dates and addresses • Ex: The reunion was held on Wednesday, June 16, 2010. • After the salutation of a friendly letter and the closing of any letter • Ex: Dear Rosa, • Ex: Sincerely yours,

  10. Do not use unnecessary commas.

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