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COP1220/CGS2423 Introduction to C++/ C for Engineers

COP1220/CGS2423 Introduction to C++/ C for Engineers. Professor: Dr. Miguel Alonso Jr. Fall 2008. Outline. Why Program? Computer Systems: Hardware and Software Programs and Programming Languages What is a Program Made of? Input, Processing, and Output The Programming Process

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COP1220/CGS2423 Introduction to C++/ C for Engineers

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  1. COP1220/CGS2423Introduction to C++/C for Engineers Professor: Dr. Miguel Alonso Jr. Fall 2008

  2. Outline • Why Program? • Computer Systems: Hardware and Software • Programs and Programming Languages • What is a Program Made of? • Input, Processing, and Output • The Programming Process • Procedural and Object-Oriented Programming

  3. Why Program? • What does a computer do? • It is useful because it can be programmed, or told to do many different tasks. • They are tools that make almost every profession easier to do. • A computer is a machine specifically designed to follow instructions.

  4. Why Program? • Programs are called software, or a set of instructions that tells a computer what to do. • Programs in the real world consist of the following: • Logical flow of instructions • Mathematical procedures • Appearance on the screen • The way the information is presented to the user • The programs “user-friendliness” • Manuals and other written documentation

  5. Computer Systems: Hardware and Software Starting out with C++, Pearson, (2006)

  6. Computer Systems: Hardware and Software Starting out with C++, Pearson, (2006)

  7. Computer Systems: Hardware and Software • CPU: Controls the computer’s operations and performs arithmetic functions • Main Memory: Random Access Memory, or RAM, is the part of a computer that temporarily holds or stores information • Consists of cells and bits (a “switch” that can be a 0 or 1 • Each Cell has 8 bits, or a byte. • Each cell is assigned a location number called an address.

  8. Computer Systems: Hardware and Software

  9. Other Devices • Secondary Storage: Hard Disk, USB Stick • Input Devices: Any devices that help the computer collect information from the outside world • Output Devices: Devices that presents the computer’s information to the outside world.

  10. Software • Generally two categories of software in a computer: • Operating system • Application Software • Single Tasking • Multi-Tasking • Single-User • Multi-User

  11. Programs and Programming Languages • Computer Program: Set of instructions that tells a computer how to solve a problem or perform a task • Algorithm: A set of well defined steps for performing a task or solving a problem • A computer only understands 0’s and 1’s • Programming Languages were invented to ease the task of programming • Examples of Languages: C/C++, C#, JAVA

  12. Programming Languages • Low Level vs High Level • Your very first program!

  13. Source Code, Object Code, and Executable

  14. What is a program made of? • Language Elements

  15. Lines, Statements, and Variables • Line: single line as it appears in the body of the program (can be empty) • Statement: complete instruction that causes the computer to perform an action • Variable: named storage location in the computers memory for holding a piece of information. Usually stored in RAM. • Variable definition/declaration • Not the same thing! • There are generally two types of variables: numbers and characters. • Number: used to compute • Characters: used for display

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