Lesson 4

1. Lesson 4 The Nightingale and the Rose by Oscar Wilde

2. Contents Warm-up Background InformationWord Study Text Analysis Detailed Analysis Exercises

3. Warming-up Questions • What’s your opinion of true love? • Do you think love is better than life?

4. Background Information I. The author--- Oscar Wilde II. Works of Oscar Wilde

5. Photographs of Oscar Wilde

6. Photographs of Oscar Wilde & Lord Alfred Douglas Place: Oxford Date: summer 1893 Date: probably 1892 Place: Oxford Date: summer 1893

7. The author Oscar Wilde (1854—1900) : Irish poet and playwright. He was born in Dublin and studied at Trinity College and then at Oxford. Even before he left the University in 1878 Wilde had become known as one of the most affected of the professors and of the aesthetic craze.

8. The author In 1878 Oscar Wildemoved to London. His lifestyle and humorous wit soon made him the spokesman for Aestheticism唯美主义, the late 19th century movement in England that advocate art for art’s sake.

9. The author Oscar Wilde was famous for his comic masterpiece Lady Windermere's Fan (1892). Among Wilde’s other best-known works are his only novel “The Picture of Dorian Gray” (1891), and his fairy tales especially “ The happy Prince”.

10. Works of Oscar Wilde The Picture of Dorian Gray(1891) Lady Windermere's Fan (1892) A Woman of No Importance (1893) An Ideal Husband (1894) The Importance of Being Earnest (1895)

11. Word Study • want 1)the condition or quality of lacking something usual or necessary for /from want of 由于缺少 The plants died for/from want of water. 2) pressing need; 贫困 to live in want = to live in poverty 3) something desired: in want of = in need of Are you in want of money?

12. fling 1)to throw violently, with force Don’t fling your clothes on the floor. 2)to move violently or quickly She flung herself down on the sofa. She flung back her head proudly. 3)to devote to He flung himself into the task.

13. ebb n.1.The tide is on the ebb. 2.The financial resources have reached its lowest ebb. vi.1) fall back from the flood stage The tide will begin to ebb at 4 o’clock. 2) to fall away or back; decline or recede The danger of conflict is not ebbing there.

14. linger vi.1) to be slow in leaving, especially out of reluctance The children lingered at the zoo until closing time. 2) to proceed slowly linger over one’s work (磨洋工） 3) to persist Winter lingers. vt.to pass (a period of time) in a leisurely or aimless manner. We lingered away the whole summer at the beach.

15. see see about doing: attend to, make arrangements for, deal with安排，处理 • It is time for me to see about cooking the dinner. • see something out: to last until the end of 熬过，度过 Will our supplies see the winter out? It was such a bad play we couldn’t see out the performance and we left early.

16. see through sb./ sth The paper is too thick to see though. It was a hard time for us, but we managed to see it through. • see to something: to attend to, take care of负责，留意 If I see to getting the car out, will you see to closing the windows?

17. go • go about something:to perform to do从事，着手 to go about one’s business Don’t go about the job that way. • go after sb/sth to go after a job, a girl, a prize • go against sb/sth Opinion is going against us. The case may go against us. • go along : vi. to agree with, support We’ll go along with you /your suggestion.

18. go • go roundvi.萦绕， There is a tune going round in my head. go back on sth Don’t go back on your promise. Never go back on your friends.背叛，出卖 • go byvi. He let the chance go by. A car went by.  go by sth = according to, based on to go by the rules/the book

19. go • go for sb/sth My wife went for me because I was late for dinner. Do you go for modern music? go into:to enter a profession, state of life to go into business/films • go overvi.= change one’s stance He went over from the People’s Party to the Enemy’s Party.

20. go • go through sth. vt = (some formalities) The country has gone through too many wars. They went through the new marriage service. • go under vi= go bankrupt, fail She has so many worries, she is sure to go under.

21. Text Analysis 1. Theme The nightingale is the true lover, if there is one. The student and the girl are, like most of us, unworthy of true love. Nightingale sacrifices its own life for pure love’s sake. A true love needs wholehearted devotion and passion.

22. 2. Structure Nightingale struck by “the mystery of love” Part 1 (Paras. ): Part 2 (Paras. ): Part 3 (Paras. ): Part 4 (Paras. ): 1-12 Nightingale looking for a red rose to facilitate the love 13-34 35-45 Nightingale sacrificing her life for a red rose Student discarding the red rose 46-54

23. 3. Questions 1)What comes to your mind when you first read the title?

24. 2)What is the genre of this story? Fairy tale Characteristics: —fairies play a part —supernatural or magical element —children’s stories —full ofveiled comments on life

25. 3)What interesting characteristics do fairy tales have? Move on to the text for more information! [1]personification of birds, insects, animals and trees [2] vivid, simple narration—typical of the oral tradition of fairy tales [3] repetitive pattern [4] The symbolic meaning given to words

26. Further Discussion Lizard Lizard—cynic (cynical people) cynic: a person who sees little or no good in anything and who has no belief in human progress; person who shows this by sneering and being contemptuous

27. Further Discussion Nightingale Nightingale—a truthful, devoted pursuer of love, who dares to sacrifice his own precious life Student Student --- not a true lover, ignorant of love, not persistent in pursuing love

28. Two students to read the paragraphs first,others try to answer questions Detailed Analysis Part One • Introductory questions: • Q1: What does the student want? Why is it so important for him? • -----He wants a red rose. Because he wants to invite his love girl to the ball. • Q2: Why does the nightingale feel so interested and go to great lengths to help him? • ----because she thinks the student is a true lover, and love is precious.

29. DetailedAnalysis I have read all that the wise men have written, and all the secrets of philosophy are mine, yet for want of a red rose my life is made wretched. (Para. 3) The student possesses all the wisdom, yet understands nothing about love. The use of “all” stresses perfect mentality the student claims he possesses. for want of: his nature of taking instead of giving for the lack of

30. Detailed Analysis Part One • Language study: • ● for want of : for the lack of • ○ For want of a better word, let’s call it precious stone, • ○ For want of something better to do, she decided to try gardening.

31. Detailed Analysis Part One • ●Love: the person that someone loves, esp. a woman. • Lover: the person that someone loves, esp. man. • love affair 风流韵事; lovebird热恋中的情侣; love child私生子; lovelorn单相思的,失恋的;

32. Detailed Analysis Part One • ● …. So I shall sit lonely and my heart will break … • It means: I shall sit there and I shall feel lonely. “Lonely” is an adjective, used as a subject implement, not an adverbial. • ○The stocking hung empty. • ○She stood there sit surprised / motionless / still.

33. Detailed Analysis Part One • ● Different kinds of gems or precious stones: • ruby红宝石 diamond钻石 emerald翡翠 sapphire蓝宝石 opal猫眼石 jade 玉

34. Detailed Analysis Part One • ● Dance to the sound of the harp : ”to ”here means “ according to” • ○The snake would dance to the music. 随着音乐跳舞 • ○The soldiers marched through the square to the drumbeat • flung himself down on the grass: threw himself down on the grass

35. Detailed Analysis Part One • fluttering about: flying with a quick, light flapping of the wings • something of a cynic: a cynic without fully deserving the name • cynic: a cynical person; a person who believes that everybody is motivated by selfishness • laughed outright; laughed out loud; burst out laughing

36. Detailed Analysis Part Two (13-34) Some students to read the paragraphs first,others try to answer questions • Introductory questions: • Q1: why is a red rose so difficult to get? • Please find the exact sentence indicating the answer from the text . • ---the winter has chilled …(para.22) • Q2: but how can the nightingale get a red rose? • ---She must sing to the Rose-tree …(para.27)

37. DetailedAnalysis Part Two • ●flower v. bloom v. blossom • flowerrefers to all kinds of them; • bloomrefers to the flower that is mainly planted for appreciation and enjoyment not for the fruit (lotus blooms 荷花); • blossom refers to the flower that produces fruit.

38. DetailedAnalysis Part Two • ●'But the winter has chilled my veins, and the frost has nipped my buds, and the storm has broken my branches, and I shall have no roses at all this year."(22 ) • chill: to freeze; to numb; to lower the temperature • chilly (adj. ) : cold

39. DetailedAnalysis Part Two • ●nip the buds: to stop the growth of the buds • ●nip it in the bud: to prevent sth. from becoming a problem by stopping it as soon as it starts,把…消灭在萌芽阶段。 • e.g. Their policy was to throw the first person who dared to protest openly into prison so as to nip it in the bud. • You must take immediate action and nip it in the bud. Otherwise this economic slow down could easily snowball into a serious recession.

40. DetailedAnalysis Part Two • 'But the winter has chilled my veins, and the frost has nipped my buds, and the storm has broken my branches, and I shall have no roses at all this year."(22 ) • Notice the use of "and" again in this sentence. The first two "and"s mean "also" or "in addition to" whereas the last "and" means "as a result".

41. DetailedAnalysis Part Two • ●stain: to color; to dye; to tarnish • ●…you must build it out of music by moonlight…(para.26) • out of music: use music as the material • This chair is made out of hardwood. • You can’t build a big house out of sand. • We can’t produce anything out of nothing.

42. What is the heart of a bird compared to the heart of a man? (Para. 28) DetailedAnalysis A question in form but a statement in meaning P: The heart of a bird is nothing compared to the heart of a man. In other words, for the Nightingale, the Student’s love is much more important than her life.

43. DetailedAnalysis Part Two • ●.... swept over the garden... (29) • ... moved quickly over the garden... • Observe how the word "sweep" and its derivatives are used in the following: • A new broom always sweeps the room clean. (proverb) • A terrible storm swept across the whole city. • You can't say they are all corrupt. That's too sweeping. There might be a few exceptions.

44. DetailedAnalysis Part Two • ●"Be happy, ... you shall have your red rose."(30 ) • The modal verb " shall" is used here to convey a solemn promise. It is used to say that something will definitely happen. • Notice that this usage is considered formal and old-fashioned.

45. DetailedAnalysis Part Two • ●The Student looked up from the grass, and listened, but he could not under stand what the -Nightingale was saying to him. (31 ) • Why couldn't the Student understand what the Nightingale was saying to him? Obviously, it was not because he could not understand bird language, but rather because he could not understand true love.

46. “She has form,” he said to himself, as he walked away. “That cannot be denied. But has she got feeling? I’m afraid not. In fact, like most artists, she is allstyle without any sincerity.”(Para. 34) way in which something is said, done, expressed, or performed nothing but design, structure, or pattern of a work of art P: The student’s ignorance of what true love is makes him conclude that Nightingale’s last singing is void of feeling and sincerity.

47. DetailedAnalysis Part Three ●Four minutes is given to fast read the whole text . ●a division of the text is required to make. Para.35—45 :The red rose was made and the nightingale died, but the young woman turned the student down because she agreed to dance with another man from a rich and powerful family. Main Idea

48. DetailedAnalysis Part Three Some students to read the paragraphs first,others try to answer questions • Introductory questions: • Q1: How does the Nightingale get the Student the rose ? • Q2: What happens to the Nightingale? • Q3: Does the girl appreciate it? why?

49. DetailedAnalysis Part Three • ●And on the topmost spray of the Rose-tree there blossomed a marvelous rose,... (36) • ‘ Spray’ here means a small branch bearing buds, flowers or berries.

50. … the Love that is perfected by Death, of the Love that dies not in the tomb. (Para. 41) the Love that never dies that does not die in the tomb