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Linux Kernel 101

Linux Kernel 101. Sriram Sundararajan. Linux :. /lee'nuhks/ or /li'nuks/, not /li:'nuhks/ n. The free Unix workalike created by Linus Torvalds and friends starting about 1991 – The Jargon File Resources , compiled by ESR et al. Why Linux?. Copious Documentation Free Source

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Linux Kernel 101

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  1. Linux Kernel 101 Sriram Sundararajan

  2. Linux : • /lee'nuhks/ or /li'nuks/, not /li:'nuhks/ n. • The free Unix workalike created by Linus Torvalds and friends starting about 1991 – The Jargon File Resources , compiled by ESR et al.

  3. Why Linux? • Copious Documentation • Free Source • Fully Customizable • All you need is a 386 + 4MB • Powerful

  4. Contd…. • Great technical Support • POSIX compliant • And It’s a Great OS anyways

  5. Dig This • Linux and other OSS advocates are making a progressively more credible argument that OSS software is at least as robust -- if not more -- than commercial alternatives. -- Halloween Docs.

  6. Linus on Linux • The power of Linux is as much about the community of cooperation behind it as the code itself.

  7. The Process • Ok I know that you all know what it is…. • Fundamental abstraction • Process/kernel model

  8. Linux Vs.*nix • Monolithic Kernel • Support for modules • Kernel Threading • Multithreaded application support

  9. Contd… • Nonpreemptive kernel • Multiprocessor Support • File System • STREAMS I/O

  10. Linux Solaris AIX BSD System V SCO Mach Minix …. ??? On Kernels Mono and Micro…

  11. The Bootstrap • BIOS • Boot Loader • Floppy / Hard Disk • setup( ) • startup_32( ) • start_kernel( )

  12. BIOS • Test Hardware (POST) • Initialize Hardware • Boot from FDD/CD/HDD • Copy sector 1 to 7c00

  13. Floppy bootsect.S Move to 0009 0000 Setup real mode stack from 0000 3ff4 Display “Loading…” Load setup( ) to 90200 Load rest of kernel and jump to setup( ) Hard disk MBR Move to 0009 a000 Setup real mode stack from 9b000 to 9a200 Display “Loading…” Load setup( ) to 90200 Load rest of kernel and jump to setup( ) Boot Loader

  14. setup( ) • Initialize a load of Hardware devices • Adjust kernel image (low to high) • Reprograms PIC • Switches CPU from real to protected mode • Jumps to startup_32( )

  15. startup_32( ) • Actually there are two of these • Initializes the segment registers and stack • Fills the uninitialized data area • Invokes decompress_kernel( ) • Jump to 0010 0000

  16. Contd.. • The other startup_32( ) • Init segment regs with final values • Setup stack for process 0 • Invokes setup_idt( ) • Identifies processor model • Loads GDT and IDT • Jump to start_kernel( )

  17. start_kernel( ) • Finally…. • Initialize page tables • Initialize page descriptors • Final initialization of IDT • Initialize Slab allocator • Initialize system date and time • Create thread for Process 1

  18. Next… • Memory Management

  19. References • Understanding the Linux Kernel • Linux Resource Exchange Operating Systems comparison http://www.falconweb.com/~linuxrx/WS_Linux/OS_comparison.html • The Jargon File http://www.tuxedo.org/~esr/jargon/quoting.html

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