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Origin of Eukaryotes

Origin of Eukaryotes. Jenna, Aimee, Rory, Connor, Brigid. An Article From 2013 . Reconstructed, a gene similarity network (not phylogenetic tree)

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Origin of Eukaryotes

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  1. Origin of Eukaryotes Jenna, Aimee, Rory, Connor, Brigid

  2. An Article From 2013 Reconstructed, a gene similarity network (not phylogenetic tree) network contains multiple signatures of the chemical origin of Eukaryotes as a fusion of an archaebacterium and a eubacterium that could not have been observed using phylogenetic trees many eukaryotic sequences were indirectly connected through a “eukaryote–archaebacterium–eubacterium–eukaryote” similarity path

  3. Origins of the Mitochondria in Eukaryotes • Scientists believe the Proteobacteria are the phylum of bacteria that led to the development of the Mitochondria • Most members are facultatively or obligately anaerobic, chemoautotrophs, and heterotrophic, but there are numerous exceptions. • The invading, aerobic bacteria supplied some of the energy derived from their aerobic respiration to the host cell. It was then proposed that these aerobic invaders may have been the evolutionary forerunners of modern mitochondria.

  4. Origins of the Chloroplast in Eukaryotes • Cyanobacteria=photosynthesis. • Oxygen as a byproduct of photosynthesis, cyanobacteria converted the early atmosphere into an oxidizing one • dramatically changed the composition of life forms on Earth • According to endosymbiotic theory, the chloroplasts found in plants and eukaryoticalgae evolved from cyanobacterial ancestors via endosymbiosis.

  5. The Hydrogen Hypothesis (1998) • Eukaryotes are suggested to have arisen through symbiotic association of an anaerobic, strictly hydrogen-dependent, strictly autotrophic archaebacterium (the host) with a eubacterium (the symbiont) that was able to respire, but generated molecular hydrogen as a waste product of anaerobic heterotrophic metabolism. The host’s dependence upon molecular hydrogen produced by the symbiont is put forward as the selective principle that forged the common ancestor of eukaryotic cells. “ • http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9510246

  6. References • PNAS Plus - Biological Sciences - Evolution:David Alvarez-Ponce, Philippe Lopez, Eric Bapteste, and James O. McInerney • Gene similarity networks provide tools for understanding eukaryote origins and evolution PNAS 2013 110 (17) E1594–E1603; published ahead of print April 1, 2013,doi:10.1073/pnas.1211371110 • The Origin of Eukaryotic Cells: http://go.hrw.com/resources/go_sc/bpe/HM9PE510.PDF • . N.p.. Web. 12 Sep 2013. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyanobacteria>. • Martin, W., and M. Muller. n. page. <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9510246>.

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