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PRESENTATION BY Dr. C. A. SRINIVASAMURTHY PROFESSOR

HUMAN URINE A SUPPLEMENT TO CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS. PRESENTATION BY Dr. C. A. SRINIVASAMURTHY PROFESSOR. Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore-65. Fertilizer Most essential input in the present day agriculture.

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PRESENTATION BY Dr. C. A. SRINIVASAMURTHY PROFESSOR

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  1. HUMAN URINE A SUPPLEMENT TO CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS PRESENTATION BY Dr. C. A. SRINIVASAMURTHY PROFESSOR Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore-65

  2. Fertilizer • Most essential input in the present day agriculture. • Manufactured using fossil fuels,intensive use leads to pollution. • Global consumption of fertilizer has increased by over 31 % from 1996 to 2008. 56 per cent increase in developing countries.International Fertilizer Industry Association. • Fertilizer inflation has created a crisis in countries that subsidises fertilizer use for farmers. • In India , the country’s subsidy bill could be as high as 22 billion dollars in 2008-09 as against 4 billion dollars in 2004-05.

  3. ANNUAL PLANT NUTRIENTS TRANSPORT

  4. POSSIBLE - ALTERNATIVE OPTION WASTES (URINE) AGRICULTURE

  5. 50% Nutrients 1 City N P K Recycling 2% only 2 90% Fertilizers Chemical fertilizers 3 Animal residues 4 Animals PLANT NUTRIENTS PILING UP IN URBAN AREAS (NEGILIGANT RECYCLING) 1. 50% Nutrient transported to urban areas. 2. Only 2% is recycled to fields. 3. Nutrient supply mostly through unbalanced use of chemical fertilizers. 4. Animal residues

  6. LIQUID WASTE GENERATION • Indian population- 100,00,00,000 • Average – 500 litres of human urine/ person/year • Urine production- 50000,00,00,000 litres/year (50 crores cubic meters / 5000 lakh cubic meters) • Nitrogen content-0.3 % • 150,00,00,000 kg of N/year • 1.5 kg nitrogen/person/year

  7. Calculated estimation of the excretion in the different countries Hakan Jonsson (2003)

  8. Table 1.Characterization of anthropogenic liquid waste collected at different dates

  9. SAN TO ECOSAN

  10. Effect of urine application on spinach plant - Peter Morgan (2004) -Africa Treatment details: T1-water only T2- 3:1 water/urine Frequency of application :0.5litres 2 X per week

  11. Option for better use of human urine • Soil application- urine as a liquid fertilizer- Maize • Ferti-irrigation - Banana

  12. RESEARCH AT UAS- GKVK, BANGALORE

  13. Soil application- urine as a liquid fertilizer Recommendation for Maize crop Chemical fertilizer –150:75:40 kg NPK ha-1 ALW-756 liters/216 m2 , 58,333.33 liters ha-1

  14. Studies on the effect of ALW on maize grain yield(q/ha)

  15. Tables . Economics of cultivation of maize crop as influenced by application of Human urine Note Urea- Rs. 5.50 /kg Single super phosphate – Rs.3.50 Mop – Rs. 4.75

  16. Ferti-irrigation - Banana Location- Nagasandra, Farmer name- Prakash • Fertilizer Recommendation –400:240:500 kg NPK /ha • ALW-3768 liters/120 plants. • 153846.15 liters.

  17. Table Effect of anthropogenic liquid waste on number of hands per bunch, number of fingers hand-1, bunch weight (kg) and yield (t ha-1)

  18. IMPACT OF EXCESS USE OF HUMAN URINE ???? • Salt build up in soil. • Sodium build up in soil leading to soil sodicity. PREVENTIVE MEASURES • Controlled one time land application • Application based on nitrogen requirement of crops

  19. Collection of Human urine Installed –Department of soil science, GKVK, Bangalore

  20. Green house experimental results - French beans

  21. Crop : Tomato (Ruchi )

  22. LEAFY VEGETABLES- Amaranthus Chemical Fertilizer treated pots Cow urine treated pots Human urine treated pots

  23. CAPSICUM Chemical fertilizers Cow urine Human urine

  24. On going experiments at farmers fields

  25. Ash guard Cow urine Human urine

  26. Thank you

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