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A longitudinal panel study on antecedents and outcomes of work-home interference

A longitudinal panel study on antecedents and outcomes of work-home interference. Holger Steinmetz, Michael Frese, and Peter Schmidt University of Giessen / Germany. Introduction. Work-Home Interference (WHI):

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A longitudinal panel study on antecedents and outcomes of work-home interference

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  1. A longitudinal panel study on antecedents and outcomes of work-home interference Holger Steinmetz, Michael Frese, and Peter Schmidt University of Giessen / Germany

  2. Introduction • Work-Home Interference (WHI): • A form of interrole-conflict in which the role pressures from the work and nonwork domain are mutually incompatible (Greenhaus & Beutell, 1985) • Work makes nonwork role performance more difficult (Katz & Kahn, 1964) • Work hinders nonwork role performance (Edwards & Rothbard, 2000) • Forms of WHI / conflict (Greenhaus & Beutell, 1985): • Time-based • Strain-based • Behavior-based

  3. Antecedents and outcomes of WHI • Complex models of antecedents and outcomes of WHI (e.g., Carlson & Perrewé, 1999; Frone, et al., 1992; Frone, 1997; Kopelman, et al., 1983)

  4. Antecedents and outcomes of WHI • Frone, M. R., Russel, M., & Cooper (1992)

  5. Antecedents and outcomes of WHI: Meta-analytic results • Proposed antecedents (Byron, 2005): • Working time • Job stress • job involvement • Work support • Schedule flexibility • Family stress • Proposed outcomes (Allen et al., 2000): • Job attitudes (Job satisfaction, organizational commitment) • Well-being (Depression, burnout, somatic complaints etc.) • Turnover motivation • Job performance

  6. Longitudinal studies on WHI • Heterogenous results because of • different time lags • a variety of constructs • Limitations: • Research focus: Mostly WHI  well-being • Comprehensiveness of the causal analysis (cf. Zapf, Dorman & Frese, 1996): Half of the studies tested only one direction • Method: Mostly multiple Regression (Ordinary least squares) or path analysis

  7. Working hours Depression WHI Turnovermotivation Stressors Model A The study: Tested models

  8. WHI Workinghours Working hours Depression Depression WHI Turnovermotivation Stressors Turnovermotivation Stressors Model B The study: Tested models Model A

  9. Working hours Depression WHI Turnovermotivation Stressors Turnovermotivation Workinghours WHI Depression Stressors ModelC The study: Tested models WHI Workinghours Depression Turnovermotivation Stressors Model B Model A

  10. Working hours Depression WHI Turnovermotivation Stressors The study: Tested models WHI Workinghours Depression Turnovermotivation Stressors Model B ModelA Turnover motivation WHI Workinghours Workinghours WHI Turnovermotivation Depression Depression Stressors Stressors Model D Model C

  11. Working hours Depression WHI Turnovermotivation Stressors WHI Workinghours Turnovermotivation Depression Stressors Model E The study: Tested models WHI Workinghours Depression Turnovermotivation Stressors Model B Model A Turnover motivation WHI Workinghours Workinghours WHI Turnovermotivation Depression Depression Stressors Stressors Model D Model C

  12. Working hours T1 Working hours T2 Working hours T1 Working hours T2 Stressors T2 Stressors T2 Stressors T1 Stressors T1 WHI T1 WHI T2 WHI T1 WHI T2 Turnover mot. T1 Turnover mot. T2 Turnover mot. T1 Turnover mot. T2 Depression T1 Depression T2 Depression T1 Depression T2 Model with lagged effects Model with synchronous effects Autoregressive (panel) models

  13. The study:Sample • Sample • Two waves – Time lag 1 year • Broad German Sample; a variety of occupations from various industries • Demographic variables representative for the German working population • T1: N = 365 • T2: N = 133 • Mean N = 188 across the cells of the covariance matrix • Drop out analysis: • Correlation between model variables and T2 dropout • Only signficant: r = .13 (for age) and r = .12 (for turnover motivation)

  14. The study:Constructs and measures • Constructs and measures • Stressors (Zapf, 1991), 3 items for time pressures and 3 items for role ambiguity (e.g., „how often do you get unclear assignments?“ • Working time: Weekly working hours of the last 2 weeks • WHI (Netemeyer, et al., 1996); 3 items (e.g., „Things at home don‘t get done because of my work“) • Depression (Zung, 1965) adapted by Mohr (1986); 3 items (e.g., “I am looking into the future without any hope”) • Turnover motivation (Schaubroeck, et al., 1996): 3 items (Turnover cognitions, implementation behavior, and intention to quit)

  15. WHI Work hrs Work hrs Dep Dep WHI Tmot Stressors Tmot Stressors Tmot WHI Work hrs Dep Work hrs WHI Tmot Dep Stressors Stressors WHI Workhrs Tmot Dep Stressors The study: Results (Synchronous effects models)

  16. The study: Standardized path coefficients Turnover motivation Workinghours .12* .24** WHI .19** .19* Depression Stressors .14*

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