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CCIM Broeikaseffect Vlaamse klimaatconferentie Stakeholders Dialogue 13 februari 2007

CCIM Broeikaseffect Vlaamse klimaatconferentie Stakeholders Dialogue 13 februari 2007. Opname luchtvaart in Europese emissiehandelsysteem Proposal Directive 2006/0304 amending directive 2003/89/EC so as to include aviation activities in EU ETS Els Van den broeck

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CCIM Broeikaseffect Vlaamse klimaatconferentie Stakeholders Dialogue 13 februari 2007

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  1. CCIM BroeikaseffectVlaamse klimaatconferentieStakeholders Dialogue13 februari 2007 Opname luchtvaart in Europese emissiehandelsysteem Proposal Directive 2006/0304 amending directive 2003/89/EC so as to include aviation activities in EU ETS Els Van den broeck Afdeling Lucht, Hinder, Risicobeheer, Milieu & Gezondheid

  2. Content • Background of the proposal • Key elements 3. Ready to take off?

  3. 1. Background Climate Change Challenge • IPCC 4AR (WG 1 - 02/02/07) • UNFCCC objective : stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system. • EU objective to limit temperature increase to 2°C • 30% GHG emission reduction by 2020 compared to 1990 levels by developed countries and EU • Reduced growth for developing countries, absolute cap after 2020 => EU leadership

  4. Background Kyoto Protocol • Annex 1 parties will reduce their aggregate GHG emissions by at least 5% below 1990 levels in the commitment period 2008-2012. • International aviation is not included in this target • But art.2.4 requires Annex I parties “…pursue limitation or reduction of GHG emissions from aviation bunker fuels , working through the International Civil Aviation Organization…”

  5. Background EU initiatives - Aviation GHG emissions account for 3% of the EU's GHG total but there’s a fast growth - by 87% since 1990. Projections reveal a grow to more than double from present levels by 2020. - 6th Community Environment Action Plan - a priority: “…identifying and undertaking specific actions to reduce GHG emissions from aviation if no such action is agreed within the ICAO by 2002” - Repeated calls from the Council & EP for Commission to make proposals to address aviation GHG emissions

  6. Background EU initiatives (2) - Feasibility study, July 2005 (+ stakeholder consultation) - Commission Communication on reducing the climate change impact of aviation, September 2005 (COM(2005) 459) - Council conclusions (02/12/05), European Parliament Resolution (July 06) and opinion from EESC (April 06) - Aviation Working Group, Nov 2005-April 2006 • ET seems the best forward. • Alongside work continues (ATM, research, technical standards, ..;)

  7. 2. Key elements In general • Adopted by the Commission on December 20th , 2006 • Amending the EU ETS directive, with detailed impact assessment • Self standing proposal, not part of the review of EU ETS directive • Objective : to reduce the climate change impact attributable to aviation • Effective starting possible from 2011 (reporting from 2010 on)

  8. Key elements Scope • From 2011 on, all flights between EU airports • From 2012, all flights arriving at or departing from EU airports • Domestic aviation included

  9. Key elements Scope: exclusions • State aircraft • Military, customs and police flights • Search and rescue flights • Flights under VFR • Circular flights • Training flights • Flights for the checking or testing air navigation equipment • Flights by small aircraft (under 5,700kg)

  10. Key elements Responsible entity and administration • Aircraft operators will be responsible • Each aircraft operator will be administered by a single Member State • EU airlines: state which issued operating licence • Non-EU airlines: State to which most of its emissions are attributed in 2006 or first year of operation (if later) • The Commission will publish and update a list of administering Member States (Feb 09) • No permitting system

  11. Key elements Gases/impacts covered • Proposal covers CO2 emissions only • The Commission will put forward a separate proposal to address NOx by the end of 2008

  12. Key elements Allocation • Harmonised allocation methodology • Cap for aviation sector will be determined at Community level • Cap based on average annual emissions from flights covered by the scheme between 2004-2006 based on best available data (stabilization)

  13. Key elements Allocation: auctioning • For 2011-12 auctioning equivalent to the average percentage proposed in NAPs by Member States proposing to auction allowances (likely to be about 3%) • For future periods, the amount to be auctioned will take into account the general review of the scheme. • Details on design and timing of auctioning to be set out in a Commission Regulation, also for newcomers • Member States to use proceeds to cover administration and to mitigate and adapt to climate change

  14. Key elements Allocation: free • Remainder allocated free of charge via a benchmark • Operators applying for an free allowances must submit information on the tonne-kilometres performed during the calendar year ending 2 years before the phase (i.e. for 2008 for first phase) • Allowances will be distributed in proportion to each operator’s share of the total tonne-kilomtre data • Tonne Kilometres = weight of passengers (for which the default value is 100kg) or cargo carried multiplied by the distances over which it was carried

  15. Key elements Trading • Allowances can be freely traded • Aircraft operators may use allowances allocated from other sectors • Aircraft operators may use CERs and ERUs up to the average of the limits proposed by Member States for other sectors in their NAPs • Allowances allocated to the aviation sector cannot be used directly by other sectors. However aircraft operators will be able to request the exchange of an allowance allocated to it for an allowance backed by an AAU which can be used by other sectors.

  16. Key elements Monitoring and reporting • Same approach as for existing scheme • Operators must monitor and report emissions to competent authority • Reports must be verified by an independent verifier • Guidelines for the monitoring, reporting and verification of emissions from aviation will be adopted by the Commission

  17. Key elements Enforcement • Same penalties as for existing EU ETS • Member States required to provide effective, dissuasive and proportionate penalties • As an ultimate sanction, a Member State could revoke or suspend an operator’s operating authorisations

  18. Key elements Third countries Third country measures with impact on aviation emissions at least equivalent to Directive • Flights arriving from that country can be excluded in next commitment period http://ec.europa.eu/environment/climat/aviation_en.htm

  19. 3. Ready to take off? Guidance of ICAO • ICAO discussions on market-based measures since 1991 and emissions trading since 1998 • 2001 ICAO Assembly: • Endorsed the development of open emissions trading for international aviation; • Requested ICAO Council to develop guidelines as a matter of priority

  20. Ready to take off? Guidance of ICAO (2) • 2004 ICAO Assembly: • Decided not to establish new global legal instrument under ICAO • Endorsed the concept of open emissions trading for international aviation through: • Voluntary emissions trading • The incorporation of international aviation into State’s existing emissions trading schemes • Requested the ICAO Council to develop guidance for States => Proposal legally robust and respecting ICAO guidelines

  21. Ready to take off? Reactions from third countries

  22. Ready to take off? EU work program • Co-decision procedure takes at least 1.5 year • European Parliament first reading in June at the earliest • German presidency (Jan-June 07) • First debate by Ministers on February 20th • Continuing discussions in Council Working Party • Progress Report on Council of June

  23. Ready to take off?

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