Date: 10/17/14 Activity: Arab Israeli Conflict

1. Date:10/17/14 Activity: Arab Israeli Conflict Warm Up: What is the cause of the Arab-Israeli conflict that is still going on today? =================== Homework: *Suez Crisis Reading and Notes due Monday 10/20 *Unit 2 Review Sheet due Tuesday 10/21 *Unit 2 Test Wednesday 10/22 UNIT SECTION TABLE OF CONTENTS

2. What is the cause of the Arab-Israeli conflict that is still going on today? Both Arabs and Jewish people believe they have a right to the land of Palestine.

3. ROOTS OF THE ARAB-ISRAELI CONFLICT1890s - 1949

4. ESSENTIAL QUESTION: HOW DID BRITAIN’S ACTIONS IN PALESTINE AFTER 1918 LAY THE GROUNDWORK FOR THE ON-GOING CONFLICT BETWEEN THE JEWS AND THE ARABS IN THE MIDDLE EAST TODAY?

5. ZIONISM THE MOVEMENT FOR THE RETURN OF THE JEWISH PEOPLE TO PALESTINE AND THE RESUMPTION OF A JEWISH STATE IN THE LAND OF ISRAEL. THE TERM “ZIONISM” WAS COINED IN 1890.

6. The Middle East in 1914

7. OILDISCOVERED IN MIDDLE EAST! • BRITAIN SIGNED AN AGREEMENT WITH KUWAIT FOR EXCLUSIVE OIL RIGHTS PRIOR TO WW I. • AMERICAN OIL COMPANIES GAIN OIL RIGHTS IN BAHRAIN IN 1929. • IN 1933, AMERICAN OIL COMPANIES RECEIVE OIL RIGHTS IN SAUDI ARABIA. • ARAMCO (ARAB-AMERICAN OIL CO.) IS CREATED IN 1939.

8. HUSSEIN-MCMAHON LETTERS, 1915 The documents declared that the Arabs would form an alliance with the United Kingdom and in return the UK will recognize the Arab independence. HUSSEIN IBN ALI,SHARIF OF MECCA

9. SYKES-PICOT AGREEMENT, 1916 A SECRET AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENTS OF BRITAIN AND FRANCE BASED UPON THE EXPECTED DOWNFALL OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE IT DIVIDED THE ARAB PROVINCES OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE (OUTSIDE THE ARABIAN PENINSULA) INTO AREAS OF FUTURE BRITISH AND FRENCH CONTROL OR INFLUENCE

10. SYKES-PICOT AGREEMENT, 1916

11. BRITISH PROMISE TO THE JEWS: BALFOUR DECLARATION, 1917 HIS MAJESTY’S GOVERNMENT VIEWS WITH FAVOR THE ESTABLISHMENT IN PALESTINE OF A NATIONAL HOME FOR THE JEWISH PEOPLE SIR ARTHUR JAMES BALFOURBR. FOREIGN SECRETARY

12. They were sneaky and only had their own goals in mind. What does this say about British foreign policy in the Middle East?

13. BRITISH MANDATE • LEAGUE OF NATIONS GIVES BRITAIN A MANDATEIN PALESTINE IN 1922: • A MANDATE IS TEMPORARY CONTROL GRANTED TO A NATION OVER AN AREA UNTIL IT IS CAPABLE OF SELF- GOV’T

14. JEWS & ARABS FROM THE 1920s -1940s, MANY JEWS CAME TO PALESTINE SEEKING REFUGE FROM ANTI-SEMITISM & THE HOLOCAUST. PALESTINIAN ARABS RESENTED THE JEWS AND RELATIONS BECAME INCREASINGLY HOSTILE.

15. JEWISH IMMIGRATION WHY WOULD THE ARABS BE CONCERNED ABOUT THE ABOVE STATISTICS? They were increasing dramatically

16. ARAB CONCERNS • GROWING JEWISH EMIGRATION TO PALESTINE • THE TRANSFER OF LANDS TO JEWISH OWNERS

17. JEWS & ARABS IN PALESTINE, 1920 • IN 1920, THERE WERE 10 ARABS FOR EVERY JEW IN PALESTINE. • BY 1947, THE RATIO WAS 2 ARABS FOREVERY JEW. • THE ARABS FELT THAT THEY WERE LOSING CONTROL OF THEIR LAND

18. JEWISH SETTLEMENTS: THE KIBBUTZ SYSTEM • COMMUNAL LIVING • BASED ON AGRICULTURE • “MAKE THE DESERT BLOOM!”

19. BRITISH WHITE PAPER OF 1939 • LIMITED JEWISH EMIGRATION TOPALESTINE • ENDED JEWISH LANDPURCHASES • INDEPENDENCE FORPALESTINE WITHIN 10 YEARS • “IT IS NOT BRITISH POLICY THAT PALESTINE BECOME AJEWISH STATE” HOW DOES THE WHITE PAPER CONFLICT WITH EARLIER BRITISH STATEMENTS?

20. ILLEGAL JEWISH EMIGRATION TO PALESTINE CONTINUED

21. JEWISH “FREEDOM FIGHTERS”(OR “TERRORISTS”?)

22. ENTER THE U.N. UNABLE TO STOP THE VIOLENCE, BRITAIN TURNED THE PROBLEM OVER TO THE U.N. IN 1947 THE U.N. PARTITIONED PALESTINE INTO SEPARATE JEWISH & ARAB STATES.

23. Date:10/20/14 Activity: Suez Crisis Warm Up: What was the connection between the Suez Crisis and the Cold War? =================== Homework: *Unit 2 Review Sheet due Tomorrow 10/21 **ADD SOMALIA to Africa Map! *Unit 2 Test Wednesday 10/22 UNIT SECTION TABLE OF CONTENTS

24. VIDEO CLIP: PARTITION The Arab-Israeli Conflict, part 1- Land Division (10 min 5 sec)

25. INDEPENDENCE THE PALESTINIAN JEWS ACCEPTED THE U.N. DECISION & PROCLAIMED THE STATE OF ISRAEL ON MAY 14, 1948. THE PALESTINIAN ARABS & NEIGHBORING ARAB COUNTRIES REJECTED THE PLAN.

26. WAR OF INDEPENDENCEBEGINS! MAY 15, 1948 SEEKING TO DESTROY THE NEW JEWISH STATE, THE ARAB NATIONS LAUNCHED A JOINT ATTACK AGAINST ISRAEL (THE 1ST OF 4 SUCH WARS).

27. VIDEO CLIP: 1948 WAR 1948 war (8 min 22 sec)

28. PLIGHT OF THE PALESTINIANS 75% OF THE ARAB POPULATION OF ISRAEL FLED TO NEIGHBORING COUNTRIES. THEY EXPECTED TO RETURN AFTER THE WAR BUT WERE UNABLE TO DO SO. THE PALESTINIANS SETTLED INTO REFUGEE CAMPS WHERE THEY HAD LITTLE OPPORTUNITY TO LEAD NORMAL LIVES.

29. ARAB REFUGEES, 1948

30. ARMISTICE SIGNED, 1949

32. Egypt seized control of the Suez Canal from Britain and France. Egypt also blocked Israel’s use of the Straits of Tiran (their only way to the Red Sea) Israel, Britain and France made a plan together to attack Egypt SUEZ CRISIS

34. Soviet Union came to the defense of Egypt and from this point forward they gave their support and aid to Egypt and the other Arab nations against Israel. The US (President Eisenhower) did not support the actions of Israel, Britain and France. They were more concerned with the Soviet war in Hungary and the Cold War. They pressured for a cease fire. SUEZ CRISIS