NAPCC

1. NAPCC • National Water Mission • National Mission for Sustaining the Himalayan Ecosystem • National Mission for a Green India • National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture • National Solar Mission (renamed as Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission) • National Mission for Enhanced Energy Efficiency • National Mission on Sustainable Habitat • National Mission on Strategic Knowledge for Climate Change

3. Summary SAPCC-TN State Profile • Coastline of the state is 1076 kilometers. • No perennial rivers, dependent largely on monsoon rains. • Rural population-52 percent of the total population(371.89 lakhs ) • Highest Human Development Index and second highest GDP • “Global development experience reveals that one percent growth in agriculture is at least two or three times more effective in reducing poverty than the type of same growth emanating from non-agricultural sector.” • GSDP from the agriculture Sector has been decreasing steadily • GSDP from the Industrial Sector has remained static over the years • Services Sector is the highest contributor to the GSDP. A steady increase has been observed • “Vision Tamil Nadu 2023” to move towards an Accelerated, Innovative and Inclusive Growth

5. SAPCC-Drafting Formulation of SAPCC • Step I-Formulation of Steering Committee on SAPCC • Step II-Inception Workshop-stakeholders to identify focus areas • Step III-Area wise Working Groups formulated • Step IV-After a gap of 17 months review meetings of Working Groups • Step V-Through various meetings Working Groups to prioritize process for the strategies • Step VI-Draft TNSAPCC to be reviewed by steering committee, public • Step VII-Submission to the MoEF

7. SAPCC Focus Areas targeted under the State Action Plan • Water Resources • Coastal Area Management • Sustainable Agriculture (and allied sectors) • Forest & Bio-Diversity • Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy • Sustainable Habitats • Strategic Knowledge Management

8. Water Resources Current Status • More than 95 percent of the surface water and 80 percent of the Ground water is currently being used. • Agriculture is the largest consumer using 75 per cent of the water resources. • The state is highly dependent on monsoons the failure of which leads to severe scarcity of water and droughts • Surface Water-Cauvery is the major river basin, dependent on neighboring states for water supply • Ground Water-80 percent of ground water being used, non-uniform usage; most blocks are over exploited-Chennai • Storage Structures-85 reservoirs, need to create additional storage spaces and better management of existing ones, Water Resource Department attempting to revive them

9. Water Resources Major Concerns • Demand Supply Gap • Over Exploitation of Ground water • Increase in North-East monsoon and decrease in South-West monsoon • Floods • Migration • Drought • Low Water use Efficiency State Mission • Undertake an integrated approach for conservation and management of water resources • Improve water use efficiency and control water pollution • Minimize wastage and ensure equitable distribution of water • Address the impacts of climate change on water resources.

10. Water Resources Strategies Hilly Region • Undertaking rainwater-harvesting measures along the hill slopes, especially in the recharge zones • Constructing check dams, wherever feasible for the creation of water reservoirs for harnessing surface water • Increasing water storage capacity by repairing, renovating and restoring existing water bodies Coastal Region • Construct and rehabilitate of tail-end regulators to prevent the intrusion of saline water in channels • Install desalination water project in coastal areas to ensure availability of fresh water.

11. Water Resources • Control the volume of groundwater abstraction by strictly enforcing the ground water regulation acts to prevent seawater intrusion Plains • Increasing the reservoir storage potential of existing irrigation projects in the region. • Exploring the feasibility of transferring water from surplus basin to deficit basin • Limit rampant ground water extraction • Promote rainwater harvesting • Enhance Artificial Recharge in over exploited ground water areas • Improve Water use efficiency in agriculture • Redirect flood waters for groundwater recharge • Create small reservoir schemes such as check dams.

12. Water Resources Research • Develop food forecasting system • Assess water demand by sector by factoring in Climate change for short, medium and long term time lines • Undertake mapping of water resources in conjunction with land use and land classification Policy Related Interventions • Variable Irrigation Water Tax on surface and ground water use • Extend compulsory rain water harvesting regulation in individual houses in all towns and villages • Devise planning, monitoring and decision support systems for an integrated water management system in a climate change context

13. Water Resources • Modernization of Irrigation system using Drips, Sprinklers systems for improving water use efficiency • Introduce pricing regulation for use of piped water for domestic use and drinking water • Undertake periodical census of medium and minor irrigation projects to check sustainability and also to detect disfunctionalities and implement remedial measures

14. Coastal Area Management Current Status • The Tamil Nadu coast is 1076 km long along the Bay of Bengal • North Eastern Zone, Cauvery Delta Zone and Southern Zone. • Port and Harbors-State Maritime Board controls smaller ports • Urbanization and habitats-major construction of infrastructure along the coasts • Fisheries-591 recorded fishing villages along the coast • Nuclear power plants along the coast-Kalpakkam and Kudankulum • Water supply infrastructure-100MLD desalination plants in Nemmeli, Kattupalli, Natipaiyur • Minerals-High amount of mineral deposits in the Southern and the Southeastern sea coasts of the State. • Coastal Ecosystems-Gulf of Mannar

15. Coastal Area Management Major concerns • Coastal Erosion • Cyclones, Storm surges and Coastal flooding • Sea level rise • Salt water intrusion • Pollution-industries, power plants and desalination plants, domestic and industrial sewage discharge

16. Coastal Area Management Strategies • Develop a Tamil Nadu Integrated Coastal Protection Plan (TN-ICPP) to adapt to projected sea level rise, enhanced intensities of cyclones, storm surges, and extreme rainfall • Prepare a land use map and land capacity assessment • Avert enhanced coastal erosion due to Climate Change and protect the coastal zone • Strengthen resilience of coastal communities in view of projected climate change • Avert enhanced salt water intrusion in ground water by building desalination plants in such areas • Conserve biodiversity in the coastal zone-Gulf of Mannar • Avert pollution of water and soil in the coastal zones caused by industrial (power plants and other industries) and domestic wastewater and solid waste management practices

17. Agriculture and Allied Sectors Current Status • 13 percent of the State GSDP is from agriculture sector, 40 percent population dependent on it. • An impact on the agricultural sector would effect the secondary and tertiary sectors • Rice, which is water dependent, is one of the major crops grown • Horticulture-grown after the National Horticulture Mission; Area used for Horticulture production has improved steadily over the years • Animal Husbandry and Dairying-constitutes 24.80 percent of the total agriculture and its allied sectors; large number of women workers in the area; decrease in indigenous cattle population by 27.79 percent; the state contributes to 18.27 percent of egg, 8.78 percent of meat and 5.61 percent of milk production in India. • Fisheries-The marine fish potential of the State is estimated at 7.00 lakh metric tonnes, it is the state with the highest amount of fish catch

18. Agricultural and Allied Sectors Strategies • Adjusting Sowing dates in consonance with onset of monsoon • Managing soil erosion due to projected heavier precipitation events • Managing soil health in a changing climate scenario • Promoting Integrated Disease and PestManagement • Promoting water use efficiency • Promoting crop varieties and technologies to adapt to higher temperature and water Stress • Undertaking Crop Diversification for up-scaling livelihoods of the farming communities • Encouraging Integrated Farming Systems suitable for each agro-climatic zone

19. Agricultural and Allied Sectors • Undertaking risk mitigation measures • Improving quality seed production and distribution through seed villages/village seed banks mechanism • Developing state wide data base on characteristics of each farming land for developing farm level crop management systems • Testing and improving thermal resistant and water stress resistant rice varieties • Supporting research on crop insurance for managing risk of increasing intensities of extreme events • Undertaking capacity building activities for farmers as well as officials to internalize the adaptation techniques for addressing climate change concerns

20. Agricultural and Allied Sectors Long term Strategies-Agriculture • Develop state wide data base on characteristics of each farming land for developing farm level crop management systems • Training farmers on understanding weather adversities and training them to adopt suitable practices • Testing and improving thermal resistant and water stress resistant rice varieties • Support research on crop insurance for managing risk of increasing intensities of extreme events

21. Agriculture and allied sectors Strategies for Fisheries • Map and Trackcoastal marine ecosystem to maximize fish catch, off the coast of Tamil Nadu in conjunction with SST and distribution of Chlorophyll concentrations • Undertaking modeling studies to predict fish catch in long term time scales • Undertake scientific studies to identify native fish suitable for inlandfisheries in a warming scenario • Promote seed farms for fish that can withstand thermal resistance in a warming climate • Diversify livelihoods amongst coastal fishing communities • Easier access to insurance and credit • Establishing community FM station for communicating information during times of disaster

22. Agriculture and allied sectors Strategies for Live-Stock Sector • Promote leguminous feed production in degraded pasture lands in villages • Promote herbal and microbial feed additives, organic mineral supplements for better bioavailability and improved health and production of cross bred livestock • Undertake genetic studies on disease resistance in domestic species of livestock. • Promote green fodder cultivation as one of the multiple crops to bridge fodder gap and avail fodder during drought. • Ensure adequate animal housing and dedicated ponds for bathing • Intensify disease surveillance and develop forecasting of disease outbreaks

23. Agriculture and allied sectors Strategies for Live-Stock Sector • Promote cross breeding with indigenous varieties to improve resilience of cross breed's to climate change • Promote dairy development in villages by training more women on animal care, animal disease reporting, and nutrition for optimizing milk production at household level

24. Sustainable Habitats Strategies Housing • Mandatory ECBC implementation in all sectors • Design considerations to withstand calamities • New Housing Policy including provisions of Sustainable Habitat Promotion of alternate construction material in housing like M.Sand(produced by crushing hard granite stone), fly ash etc to reduce the pressure on natural resources. • Research on long-term impacts on manufactured sand on quality of housing Pollution • Improved air quality monitoring through more stations in urban centers • Air quality monitoring along roads with heavy vehicular movement

25. Sustainable Habitats • Monitoring of groundwater quality • Ensuring ZLD in industries • Action Plan to control Pollution • Strict enforcement with penalty for violation Greening of Urban Spaces • Compulsory OSR for greenery under the Development regulations in DTCP. • Stringent compensatory plantation for tree cutting, including heavy refundable deposit upon evidence of completing compensatory plantation • There are several residential projects coming up with the provisions for greenery around the built-up area. This may be included in the development regulations while giving approvals. • Study to identify suitable plant and tree species for urban greenery

26. Sustainable Habitats Urban Development • Mandatory adoption of ECBC. • The Building Rules of local body may include the wastewater recycling provisions for large commercial and industrial developments as mandatory provision before issue of permission for developments. • Propose to achieve a model split of 70:30 for public and private transport • Encourage environment/ eco-friendly modes of transport i.e. cycles, pedestrian friendly traffic. • Enlarge the segments of vehicular population converted to pollution free fuels, viz., LPG/CNG/battery. • Strictly enforce the road users to obtain EUC

27. Sustainable Habitats • Establish an air quality monitoring system, which maps the quality of air across the road network periodically. • Subject every major transport development measure to safety audit. • Disaster precaution in building designs • Regulation of developments in flood prone areas • Removal of encroachments in disaster/flood prone areas Water • Revamping of existing water supply schemes to avoid loss of water • Protection of water sources • Increasing storage capacity • Reuse of grey water • Recharge of groundwater • Promotion of Manufactured sand in construction

28. Sustainable Habitats Health and Sanitation • New Sanitation Policy • Monitoring of vector-borne and water- borne diseases • Identification of indicators for monitoring • Study on vector-borne diseases • Ensuring complete coverage with sanitation Waste Management • Setting up of the Material Recovery Facility within the compost yard • Energy generation from methane recovery from SWM all over Tamil Nadu • Study shall be carried out to identify the composition of solid wastes in different regions of Tamil Nadu to finalize the management proposal • Introducing penalty provisions for non- segregation of wastes by the occupier, for littering on streets and depositing or throwing any solid waste in contravention of the provision and on the local body for deficiency in services

29. Sustainable Habitats • Preparation of “Action Plan” for all the Corporations, municipalities and town panchayats in Tamil Nadu • Conducting Training Program for officials, people and manufactures of various municipalities. • Providing incentives to private sector to participate in the reduction, segregation, transport, recycling and final disposal of all types of solid wastes. • Specific responsibility to be assigned to stakeholders in the implementation of the plan • “Polluters Pay” principle, local bodies to collect a levy from bulk garbage generators such as industries, hotels, marriage halls, markets and commercial complexes. • Establishing safe recycling facilities for e- waste and construction debris

30. Sustainable Habitats Transportation • Increase the number of bus services in over crowded routes and add new services including mini buses in added areas. • While developing road infrastructure, exclusive lanes to be created for pedestrian and bi-cycle. • Measures to make cycling attractive with good cycling paths, cycle parking facilities, link between cycling and public transport. • Congestion taxes may be levied on vehicles • Transportation Fund may be created • Single window clearance by CUMTA • Comprehensive Mobility Plan (CMP) • Advertisement revenue for public transport – from bus shelters • High Parking revenue to match market demand, periodical renewal, to contribute to traffic fund, and discourage private transport.

31. Sustainable Habitats • Low-floor buses to support differently abled • Emission based special taxes/ penalty • Providing feeder services to connect the residential areas • Encouraging car-pooling • Introducing no -driving day • Increased subsidy / Reduced excise duty on hybrid vehicles and battery operated vehicles. • Improvement to all existing roads and maintenance at regular intervals • Adoption of alternate/advanced technology including mixing of plastic to ensure endurance to the roads Climate Change and Sustainable Habitats • Sustainable Habitat/Climate Change Policy • Climate Change cell in each department. Alternatively Creation of Climate Change Department

32. Energy and Renewable Energy Facts • Renewable energy sector accounts to close to 40 percent of the Tamil Nadu Electricity Board’s installed capacity. • An average of 55-60 percent of the power requirement of state is purchased • Even with large installation capacity from renewable energy sources the actual energy generated is fairly low. • Thermal generation contributes fairly significantly to the electricity requirement of the state. • Plant load factor of wind farms is between 12.56-22percent • The average deficit power of the state is roughly 6.5 percent or approximately 5000 Million Units per year • Wind farms contribute 13-20percent of energy

33. Energy and Renewable Energy Electricity Consumption Pattern • High electricity consumption of about 1065kWh • Highest number are the domestic consumers though the highest amount of consumption is from the industrial sector. • Steady rise in domestic consumption, commercial sector consumption has remained static • Decrease in agricultural sector power consumption • Steady rise in the consumption in the industrial sector Renewable energy trends • Increased renewable energy capacity over the years • 34 percent of India’s renewable energy space • Wind energy most successful

34. Sector wise Consumption of Energy

35. Energy and Renewable Energy Strategies • Minimize AT & C Losses • Undertake efficiency and energy conservation improvements • Launch Green Villages and introduce Energy Efficient Homes Initiative • Drafting new building bye-laws incorporating principles of Energy Conservation and building code • Increasing grid connected RE by 10,650 MW • Encourage Off Grid Renewable Energy development

36. Forest and Biodiversity Facts • Forests cover 18.16 percent total geographical area of State • Between 2007-2009-Increase in area of dense forests, medium dense forests; decrease in shrub forests and open forests. • Mangrove vegetation-39 sq. km; bridge between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems; natural protection against disasters; rich areas of biodiversity • Protected Areas constitute 5465 sq. km, which is 23.9% of State Forest area. • Teak wood production increased 33 times, pulp wood production marginally increased, decrease in production of sandalwood and fuel wood. • Tamil Nadu-wetland rich State-12.88 percent and Puducherry- 6.92percent

37. Forest and Biodiversity Strategies • Increase the forest cover, both inside and outside notified forest areas • Enhancing Conservation efforts to sustain biodiversity- terrestrial and marine • Creation of plant diversity register of Tamil Nadu forests for documentation and associated traditional knowledge • Management of forest fires and alien invasive species (AIS) • Build capacity to address climate change by supporting innovation and Research to address the impacts of climate change on forest & biodiversity and ecosystem services • Undertake awareness generation and capacity building activities that prepares institutions and communities to address the climate change concerns • Other specific research and capacity building activities

38. Strategic Knowledge Management Strategies • Create an enabling institutional framework for developing and disseminating strategic knowledge on climate change • Develop a scientific basis for a deeper understanding of climate change issues. • Support Research & Development of innovations to address climate change impacts and vulnerabilities. • Undertake Demonstration, Field Implementation & Extension Support regular monitoring of critical ecological parameters and urban landscape • Mainstream traditional knowledge. • Undertake capacity building initiatives to integrate steps to manage climate sensitive natural resources and mitigate climate change drivers. • Support creation of Monitoring and Evaluation tools of various initiatives of the climate sensitive sectors. • Develop aData bank and Create a Knowledge Portal.

39. Implementation of SAPCC • Sector wise policy reviews • Sector wise climate change impacts evidence base strengthening • Locally specific adaptation plans • Leveraging Co-benefits • Sector public/community perceptions documentation • Periodic consultations with the civil society and community • Incorporation of poverty, equity and livelihood concerns • Sector wise Monitoring and Evaluating protocols • Knowledge management activities

41. SAPCC-Departments Departments identified for implementation • Department of Environment-Nodal Department for Climate Change • Vulnerable Sectors-Nodal Officers • Working groups for the Sectors • SAPCC; Various pilot projects-IMFFS, reviving farm ponds etc • GIZ, Directorate of Town and Country Planning, Tamil Nadu Electricity Board • Central Marine fisheries research institute, IIT, Chennai Metropolitan Development Authority • Municipal Administration, Town Panchayats • Transport Department, Housing Board, Slum Clearance Board