Arabic through the Quran

1. Arabic through the Quran The Past Tense Verb (اَلْفِعْلُ المَاضِي)

2. إِنَّمَا الْأَعْمَالُ بِالنِّيَّاتِ إِنَّمَا الْأَعْمَالُ بِالنِّيَّةِ

3. Tutorial 1: The Past Tense Verb (اَلْفِعْلُ المَاضِي) • Definite (المَعْرِفَةُ) and indefinite nouns (اَلنَّكِرَةُ) • Locating the subject (the doer / اَلفَاعِلُ) for the past tense verb (اَلْفِعْلُ المَاضِي) • Locating the detached object (done upon / اَلمَفْعُولُ بِهِ)

4. Definite (المَعْرِفَةُ) and indefinite nouns (اَلنَّكِرَةُ) • Definite (المَعْرِفَةُ) اَلْبَيْتُ the house has اَل and no tanween • Indefinite (اَلنَّكِرَةُ) بَيْتٌالa house has no اَل and has tanween

5. The Past Tense Verb (اَلْفِعْلُ المَاضِي) Verb Doer is known Doer is not known e.g. He hit the boy e.g. The boy was hit ضَرَبَ ضُرِبَ مَعْلَومٌ- known مَجْهُولٌ- unknown If we see a مَعْلَومٌ verb We must first identify the doer!

6.  [3:135] “Ahaa! That is a فِعْلٌ مَاضِيon the scale of فَعَلُوا !!!” Is the doer known or unknown? “The doer is known!” “So where is the doer!?!”

7. Locating the subject (the doer / اَلفَاعِلُ) Look in 3 places place for the doer • First look onthe verb for an attached pronoun If it is not on the scale فَعَلَ / فَعَلَتْthen the doer will be on the verb.

8. he فَعَلَ Step 1: on the verb (هو) ضمير مستتر تقديره فَعَلا they(2m) هُمَا ألف الاثنين = If it is not on the scale فَعَلَ / فَعَلَتْthen the doer will be on the verb فَعَلُوْا هُمْ واو الْجَمَاعَة = they(3+m) فَعَلَتْ (هي) ضمير مستتر تقديره she فَعَلَتَا i.e. if it is not on scale of فَعَلَ / فَعَلَتْ then you have found the doer! هُمَا ألف الاثنين = they(2f) فَعَلْنَ هُنَّ نون النِسْوَة = they(3+f) فَعَلْتَ you(1m) أَنْتَ تاء الفاعل = فَعَلْتُمَا تاء الفاعل = you(2m) أَنْتُمَا فَعَلْتُمْ أَنْتُمْ تاء الفاعل = you(3+m) i.e. if it isفَعَلَ / فَعَلَتْ then move to next step! فَعَلْتِ you(1f) أَنْتِ تاء الفاعل = فَعَلْتُمَا تاء الفاعل = you(2f) أَنْتُمَا فَعَلْتُنَّ أَنْتُنَّ تاء الفاعل = you(3+f) فَعَلْتُ I(m/f) أنا تاء الفاعل = فَعَلْنَا نَحْنُ ناء الفاعل = we(m/f)

9. الفَاعِلُ Doer وَاوُ الْجَمَاعَةِ فَتَحُوا الْبَابَ They 3+ males أَلِفُ الْاِثْنَيْنِ ضَرَبَا الوَلَدَ They 2 males نُوْنُ النِّسْوَةِ فَتلحنَ الْبَابَ They 3+ females تَاءُ الْفَاعِلِ نَصَرْتُمْ الوَلَدَ You 3+ males نَاءُ الْفَاعِلِ سَمِعْنَا الْقُرْآنَ We تَاءُ الْفَاعِلِ فَتَحْتِ الْبَابَ You 1 female Step 2! • Step 1 • First look onthe verb for an attached pronoun. If it is not on the scale فَعَلَ / فَعَلَتْthen the doer will be on the verb. ضَرَبَ الوَلَد Step 2! ضَرَبَتْ بِنْت

10. Locating the subject (the doer / اَلفَاعِلُ) Look in 3 places place for the doer • First look onthe verb for an attached pronoun If it is not on the scale فَعَلَ / فَعَلَتْthen the doer will be on the verb.

11. Locating the subject (the doer / اَلفَاعِلُ) Look in 3 places for the doer • First look onthe verb for an attached pronoun If it is not on the scale فَعَلَ / فَعَلَتْthen the doer will be on the verb. If not found then: • Then look left of the verb – the subject will have a ضَمَّةٌ(or its equivalent).

12. Locating the subject (the doer / اَلفَاعِلُ) • Then look leftof the verb – the subject will have a ضَمَّةٌ(or its equivalent). فَتَحَ الْوَلَدُ الْبَابَ Doer Step 1: on the verb? The door Opened The boy Doer Step 1: on the verb? رَجَعَتْ بِنْتٌ

13. Locating the subject (the doer / اَلفَاعِلُ) Look in 3 places for the doer • First look onthe verb for an attached pronoun If it is not on the scale فَعَلَ / فَعَلَتْthen the doer will be on the verb. If not found then: • Then look leftof the verb – the subject will have a ضَمَّةٌ(or its equivalent).

14. Locating the subject (the doer / اَلفَاعِلُ) Look in 3 places for the doer • First look onthe verb for an attached pronoun If it is not on the scale فَعَلَ / فَعَلَتْthen the doer will be on the verb. If not found then: • Then look leftof the verb – the subject will have a ضَمَّةٌ(or its equivalent). If not found then: • If not found then look inthe verb (will always be on the scale of فَعَلَ/فَعَلَتْ)

15. Locating the subject (the doer / اَلفَاعِلُ) • If not found then look inthe verb (will always be on the scale of فََعََلَ/فَعَلَتْ) Hidden “he” Step 1: on the verb? فَتَحَ الْبَابَ Step 2: left of the verb? ضَمِيْرٌ مُسْتَتِرٌ تَقْدِيْرُهُهُوَ Hidden “she” Step 1: on the verb? ضَرَبَتْبِنْتاً Step 2: left of the verb? ضَمِيْرٌ مُسْتَتِرٌ تَقْدِيْرُهُهِيَ

16. Locating the subject (the doer / اَلفَاعِلُ) Look in 3 places for the doer • First look onthe verb for an attached pronoun If it is not on the scale فَعَلَ / فَعَلَتْthen the doer will be on the verb. If not found then: • Then look leftof the verb – the subject will have a ضَمَّةٌ(or its equivalent).If not found then: • If not found then look inthe verb (will always be on the scale of فَعَلَ/فَعَلَتْ)

17. Tutorial 1: The Past Tense Verb (اَلْفِعْلُ المَاضِي) • Definite (المَعْرِفَةُ) and indefinite nouns (اَلنَّكِرَةُ) • Locating the subject (the doer / اَلفَاعِلُ) for the past tense verb (اَلْفِعْلُ المَاضِي) • Locating the detached object (done upon / اَلمَفْعُولُ بِهِ)

18. Locating the detached object (done upon / اَلمَفْعُولُ بِهِ) فَتَحَ الْوَلَدُ الْبَابَ • When detached, the object will have aفَتْحَةٌ(or its equivalent). • The detached object is usually to the left of the verb, rarely to the right • NB: Not all verbs have objects (only transitive verbs). رَجَعَ الْوَلَدُ • NB: some verbs have more than one object. جَعَلَ الله ُ الشَّمْسَ سِرَاجًا

19. مَثَلُ الَّذِي يَقْرَأُ الْقُرْآنَ وَهُوَ حَافِظٌ لَهُ مَعَ السَّفَرَةِ الْكِرَامِ الْبَرَرَةِ وَمَثَلُ الَّذِي يَقْرَأُ وَهُوَ يَتَعَاهَدُهُ وَهُوَ عَلَيْهِ شَدِيدٌ فَلَهُ أَجْرَانِ

20. Duah at the end of any gathering كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ بِأَخَرَةٍ إِذَا أَرَادَ أَنْ يَقُومَ مِنْ الْمَجْلِسِ سُبْحَانَكَ اللَّهُمَّ وَبِحَمْدِكَ أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا أَنْتَ أَسْتَغْفِرُكَ َأَتُوبُ إِلَيْكَ فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّكَ لَتَقُولُ قَوْلًا مَا كُنْتَ تَقُولُهُ فِيمَا مَضَى فَقَالَ كَفَّارَةٌ لِمَا يَكُونُ فِي الْمَجْلِسِ