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Quantum Model of the Atom

Quantum Model of the Atom. The Bohr Model of the atom was incorrect Electrons do not orbit the nucleus. Quantum Model of the Atom. In the modern (quantum) model of the atom, electrons are found in regions of space called orbitals

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Quantum Model of the Atom

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  1. Quantum Model of the Atom • The Bohr Model of the atom was incorrect • Electrons do not orbit the nucleus

  2. Quantum Model of the Atom • In the modern (quantum) model of the atom, electrons are found in regions of space called orbitals • Orbitals are clouds of probability where electrons are most likely to be found • The shape of these clouds is the result of plotting the solutions to very complicated mathematical equations • We will study 3 types: s, p, and d

  3. Quantum Model of the Atom • There are 7 periods on the periodic table • Each period represents the number of energy levels in an atom • Each energy level is represented by “n”

  4. Structure of the Quantum Atom • Structure of the electron cloud • Principle energy levels (n) • Obtained from the Periodic Table • Are whole numbers: 1, 2, 3, 4…. • Sublevels • s, p, d, f • Orbitals – a MAX of two electrons are allowed in each orbital for each value of n: • s has one obital • p has three • d has 5 • Spin • Obtained from the Periodic Table

  5. Quantum Model of the Atom “s” orbitals • Spherically shaped • There is one “s” orbital for each energy level

  6. Quantum Model of the Atom This is the probability diagram of an “s” orbital n = 2 This is a “2 s” orbital n = 1 This is a “1 s” orbital

  7. Quantum Model of the Atom “p” orbitals • Dumbbell shaped, with three different orientations in space • Starting with n = 2, there are THREE “p” orbitals, px, py, pz for each energy level

  8. Quantum Model of the Atom “d” orbitals • Dumbbell shaped • Starting with n=3, there are 5 “d” orbitals

  9. Quantum Model of the Atom How electrons fill their orbitals Pauli Exclusion Principle • Each orbital can hold a maximum of TWO ELECTRONS Aufbau Principle • Electrons fill orbitals that have the LOWEST ENERGY FIRST

  10. The Quantum Model of the Atom Filling sequence: 1s<2s<2p<3s<3p<4s<3d Each orbital can hold a maximum of 2 electrons

  11. Quantum Model of the Atom Example: Hydrogen • Has one electron • The first energy level to fill is the 1s orbital • The one electron will fill in this orbital • 1s1 1s1 Orbital Number of Electrons in Orbital Energy Level

  12. Quantum Model of the Atom Electron Configurations • The arrangement of electrons in an atom • Filling pattern: 1s<2s<2p<3s<3p<4s<3d…….. Or use the following:

  13. Quantum Model of the Atom • 1s<2s<2p<3s<3p<4s<3d…….. Filling Pattern

  14. Model of the atom with s and p orbitals

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