BIOENERGY IN FINLAND Juha Rautanen, Motiva Oy Helsinki 28.2.2008, Tallin Biomass & Bioenergy 2008

1. BIOENERGY IN FINLAND Juha Rautanen, Motiva Oy Helsinki 28.2.2008, Tallin Biomass & Bioenergy 2008 Motiva Oy J Rautanen

2. FINNISH PERSPECTIVE ON BIOENERGY • Motiva - A Brief Introduction • Energy Use and Production in Finland • Bioenergy in Finland • Wood Energy • Agro based energy • Other Bioenergy Motiva Oy J Rautanen

3. MOTIVA OY,Expertise and Project Services • to promote energy efficiency • to accelerate the use of renewable energy sources • to promote efficient use of materials Motiva Oy J Rautanen

4. Motiva’s history Motiva Oy J Rautanen

5. Target Groups of Motiva • Industry, power stations, district and local heating plants • Service sector including municipalities • Properties and buildings • Households and consumers • Networks (e.g. regional energy agencies, energy auditors, biomass heat entrepreneurs) Motiva Oy J Rautanen

6. Energy Use and Production in Finland Energy production Motiva Oy J Rautanen Source: Statistical Yearbook of Finland 2006. Statistics Finland

7. Total energy consumption 2006 ~50% FOSSIL ENERGY 1 492 000 TJ 1/3 DOMESTIC ENERGY Motiva Oy J Rautanen Source: Statistics Finland, Energy Statistics

8. Renewable energy sources, Use 2006 365 000 TJ Wood fuels used in industry and energy production Small Combustion of Wood 13% Waste Fuels (Bio) Biogas Hydro Power Other Biofuels Others 4% Heat Pumps Wind Power Black Liquor of the Forest industry Motiva Oy J Rautanen Source: Ministry of Employment and the Economy and Statistics Finland, Energy Statistics

9. PJ 400 300 Other biofuels Recovered fuels 200 (bio-fraction) Heat pumps Wood fuels use in industry and energy production 100 Black liquor and other concentrated liquors Small combustion of wood Hydro power 0 1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 Development of Renewable Energy Sources 1970-2005 Motiva Oy J Rautanen Source: Statistics Finland – Yearbook 2006

10. Measures to promote Renewable Energy Generation in Finland • Renewables in Finland, from 28% to 38% 2020 • R&D and demonstration of new technologies • Implementation of EU directives (RES-E, RES-T, CHP etc.) • Subsidies for energy investments • Subsidies for RES-heating systems of residential buildings • Support for energy wood harvesting and chipping • Support for RES-E through energy taxation system • Feed-in tariffs and green certificates under consideration • Information activities Motiva Oy J Rautanen

11. BIOENERGY IN FINLAND Woodenergy, potential Development of the standing timber stock 1800—2006 Over 2 Billion m3 Motiva Oy J Rautanen Source: Finnish Forest Association, forest.fi

12. Motiva Oy J Rautanen Source: Finnish Forest Association, www.forest.fi

13. Energy Biomass Potential in Finland milj. m3 / a Biomass Potential Theoretical 100 % 45 milj. m3 / a Harvestable maximal 33 % 15 milj. m3 / a Target 2010, Energiestrategie 11 % 5,0 milj m3 / a Now 5,6 % 3,5 milj m3 / a 2003 4,7 % 2,1 milj m3 / a Motiva Oy J Rautanen From: P. Hakkila

14. Forest Residues, Development of use Energy production in Finland 2020 Stump-root wood Logging residues milj. m3 / a Whole trees (small) 3 Delimbed small trees Industry Energy 2 1 1970 2010 1960 1980 1990 2000 Lähteet. VTT ja Metla Motiva Oy J Rautanen

15. Potential of logging residues See also: http://www.mmm.fi/attachments/5eWDKveQh/5oeTd6WHv/Files/CurrentFile/Climate_Change_Adaptation_Research_Programme_ISTO_eng.pdf http://books.google.com/books?id=LimXAwAACAAJ&dq=Silvicultural+Managment+of+European Motiva Oy J Rautanen

16. Agricultural Energy • There are 70 000 – 60 000 farms in Finland • number of farms is decreasing • Agricultural field area ca. 2 milj. ha • the field area, not decreasing • Potential for agro energy production • max. 500 000 ha Motiva Oy J Rautanen

17. Agricultural BioenergySources • Reed Canary Grass (Falaris) (17.000 ha) • Biogas (Reaktors 3+7 kpl) • Cereals (R&D) • biodiesel, ethanol, heating Agri biomass fields in Finland 2006 ha Falaris arundinaceae 15763 Ripe Seed 821 Oats 346 Barley 37 Hemp 36 Wheat 31 Rye 25 Salix 7 Motiva Oy J Rautanen

18. Reed Canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea)and Straw • Production • Falaris: Agricultural fields and peatland fields • 17.000 ha • Harvesting in springtime • Straw: Available straw • R&D • Schedule • Weather • Storage • Energy recovery • Falaris: • Co-Combustion in big power and heating plants • Straw: • In test: Co-Combustion with coal • Some Danish straw boilers Kuva: Ruokohelpipaaleja Kokkolassa K Pahkala Motiva Oy J Rautanen

19. Biodiesel Small (farm) size Biodiesel Plants, 10-20 • Biorefinery • Better use and processing of raw-materials and waste • streams to produce current and new products • Lauri Hetemäki METLA / August 14, 2007 • Forest industry • two biodiesel-projects started Motiva Oy J Rautanen

20. Innovation Ethanol From Food Waste The energy enterprise St1 has started producing ethanol in Finland. • Ethanol is produced from waste generated by the food processing industry • In the place of origin of the waste. • The new method makes ethanol production profitable even on a small scale. Process developed by VTT (Technical Research Centre of Finland) Motiva Oy J Rautanen

21. BIOGAS • There are near 10 Agricultural biogas plants in Finland • Agricultural biogas production - problems • NIB • Enviroment, fields for the sludge, odours/smell • R&D • Production, utilisation, trading: Own CHP use, trade of e-power and/or biogas • Feed-In Tariff for Biogas plants < 20 MW 2008 • Waste water treatment plants (biogas since over100 years) Motiva Oy J Rautanen

22. It is nice to have BIOENERGY! Isn’t it?! Motiva Oy J Rautanen

23. More information on new direction of energy-use: www.motiva.fi/en